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17/07/2024 12:28 – Cybersécurité : Après l’interdiction de ses logiciels, Kaspersky quitte les États-Unis
#KasperskyLab #DigitalTransformation #UnitedStates #PersonalData #ComputerSecurity #Technology #BigData #InformationTechnology #Computing #Russia #InformationAge #Cyberspace #InternetOfThings #DonaldTrump

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***CYBERSéCURITé : APRèS L’INTERDICTION DE SES LOGICIELS, KASPERSKY QUITTE LES ÉTATS-UNIS***

Le gouvernement américain avait décidé d'interdire la vente de logiciels antivirus de Kaspersky dans le pays, soupçonnant la société de connivence avec le Kremlin. L'éditeur russe a prévu de “réduire progressivement” ses opérations à partir du 20 juillet.

Le siège de Kaspersky Lab, à Moscou.

Kaspersky, société russe de cybersécurité, a annoncé le 15 juillet qu’elle allait “réduire progressivement” ses activités et licencier ses salariés présents aux États-Unis, rapporte CNN. La fermeture des opérations américaines débutera le 20 juillet, après 19 ans de présence dans le pays. “L’entreprise a soigneusement examiné et évalué l’impact des exigences légales américaines et a pris cette décision triste et difficile car les opportunités commerciales dans le pays ne sont plus viables”, a déclaré la société dans un communiqué.

Ce retrait intervient moins d’un mois après l’interdiction par le département américain du Commerce de la vente du logiciel antivirus Kaspersky dans l’ensemble du pays. Gina Raimondo, secrétaire américaine au Commerce, reprochait alors à la firme d’entretenir des liens étroits avec Moscou, qui l’utiliserait pour “collecter et utiliser comme armes les données personnelles des Américains”. L’interdiction de vente de nouveaux logiciels doit débuter ce samedi, la société russe pouvant proposer des mises à jour logicielles et de sécurité jusqu’au 29 septembre. Les États-Unis ont ajouté Kaspersky Lab et Kaspersky Group (Russie) mais aussi Kaspersky Labs Limited (Royaume-Uni) à leur “Entity List”, une liste noire empêchant toute entreprise américaine de nouer des relations commerciales avec les sociétés concernées.

Le lendemain de cette déclaration, l’Office de contrôle des actifs étrangers (OFAC) du Trésor des États-Unis avait sanctionné douze dirigeants de Kaspersky Lab, gelant de fait leurs avoirs américains. Kaspersky avait dénoncé une décision “prise sur la base du climat géopolitique actuel et de craintes théoriques”, niant toute proximité avec les autorités russes. En 2017, l’administration Trump avait interdit aux agences fédérales américaines d’utiliser l’antivirus de l’éditeur, suspectant ce dernier d’aider les agences de renseignement russes. La FCC, agence américaine de régulation des communications, avait en outre ajouté les produits et services de Kaspersky sur une liste d’équipements “constituant une menace pour la sécurité intérieure”. À noter que depuis novembre, les outils de la firme sont aussi interdits sur les téléphones professionnels des fonctionnaires canadiens.

Yoann Bourgin
17/07/2024 10:35 – GenAI : OpenAI planche sur une nouvelle approche pour le développement de ses modèles
#OpenAI #ArtificialIntelligence #DigitalTransformation #LanguageModel #OpenAI #ArtificialIntelligence #DigitalTransformation #LanguageModel

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***GENAI : OPENAI PLANCHE SUR UNE NOUVELLE APPROCHE POUR LE DéVELOPPEMENT DE SES MODèLES***

Anciennement connu sous le nom de Q*, le projet désormais baptisé Strawberry pourrait représenter une percée significative dans le développement de modèles d'IA à l'avenir. Peu de détails ont fuité, mais il semble que le modèle pourrait naviguer sur Internet de manière autonome pour mener ce qu'OpenAI appelle des "recherches approfondies".

OpenAI planche sur une approche différente qui offrirait aux grands modèles de langage des fonctions plus poussées telles que la recherche approfondie.

La recherche ne prend pas de vacances. Alors que le modèle GPT-4o n'a que quelques mois d'existence, OpenAI planche déjà sur un autre projet. L'ambition est de pousser une autre approche de développement de ses grands modèles de langage. Nom de code : "Strawberry". C'est Reuters qui a rapporté la nouvelle en premier, affirmant avoir vu une copie d'un document interne récent d'OpenAI en mai. L'agence de presse n'a pas pu déterminer la date exacte du document, mais ce dernier détaille un plan d'utilisation de Strawberry par OpenAI pour la recherche.

Ainsi, les modèles Strawberry – via une interface – ne se contenteraient pas seulement de générer des réponses à des requêtes, mais pourraient également planifier suffisamment à l'avance pour naviguer sur Internet de manière autonome et fiable afin d'effectuer ce qu'OpenAI appelle de la "recherche approfondie". Un aspect qui, jusqu'à présent, n'aurait pas été intégré dans les modèles développés existants sur le marché.

**Pousser Les Modèles D'IA à Réfléchir Comme Des Humains**

Un porte-parole de la société d'IA a déclaré à Reuters : "Nous voulons que nos modèles d'IA voient et comprennent le monde davantage comme nous le faisons. La recherche continue de nouvelles capacités d'IA est une pratique courante dans l'industrie, avec la conviction partagée que ces systèmes amélioreront leur raisonnement au fil du temps". Le projet ne date pas d'hier. En réalité, ces recherches ont déjà été évoquées l'année dernière, sous le nom de Q*, mais ont été interrompues – ou du moins mises sur pause – lorsque Sam Altman a été évincé puis réintégré au bout de quelques jours au sein de l'entreprise.

L'objectif de ce projet est de pousser les modèles à répondre à des questions scientifiques et mathématiques délicates, hors de portée des modèles commerciaux actuels. A date, les grands modèles de langage peuvent déjà résumer des documents de plusieurs centaines de pages et rédiger des textes sous différents styles bien plus rapidement que n'importe quel humain. Cependant, l'IA est encore loin d'être en capacité à résoudre des problèmes de bon sens, dont les solutions semblent intuitives pour l'homme. Les erreurs relevées, plus connues sous le nom d'hallucinations, ont la peau dure.

Célia Séramour
17/07/2024 09:38 – Le régulateur britannique de la concurrence enquête sur l’accord entre Microsoft et Inflection AI
#CompetitionEconomics #Microsoft #DigitalTransformation #Business #Economy #DigitalMedia #BigData

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***LE RéGULATEUR BRITANNIQUE DE LA CONCURRENCE ENQUêTE SUR L’ACCORD ENTRE MICROSOFT ET INFLECTION AI***

Microsoft est sous le feu des projecteurs. L'Autorité britannique de la concurrence et des marché a annoncé l'ouverture d'une enquête pour comprendre si oui ou non les accords avec la start-up Inflection AI peuvent être qualifiés de fusion et nuire à la concurrence sur le marché de l'IA générative.

Célia Séramour

En mars dernier, le chercheur britannique Mustafa Suleyman a annoncé son départ de la start-up pour prendre les rênes d'une nouvelle division "Consumer AI" au sein de la firme de Redmond.

La Competition and Markets Authority (CMA - Autorité britannique de la concurrence et des marchés) vient de notifier dans un document qu'elle dispose de suffisamment d'informations concernant l'embauche par Microsoft de certains anciens employés d'Inflection AI et la conclusion d'accords connexes avec Inflection (la transaction), pour lui permettre d'entamer une enquête de "phase 1". Pour mémoire, le chercheur britannique Mustafa Suleyman a annoncé en mars dernier son départ de la start-up pour prendre les rênes d'une nouvelle division "Consumer AI" au sein de la firme de Redmond.

Lui ont emboîté le pas Karen Simonyan, chief scientist et cofondatrice d'Inflection AI, ainsi que la plupart des 70 membres de l'équipe. Reuters avait rapporté quelques jours plus tard que Microsoft avait accepté de payer à la start-up environ 650 millions de dollars en espèces dans le cadre d'un accord inhabituel lui permettant d'utiliser à la fois les modèles d'IA générative d'Inflection AI et de procéder à cette embauche massive.

Le régulateur britannique antitrust n'est pas le seul à se pencher sur l'opération. La Federal Trade Commission (FTC), gendarme américain de la concurrence, a déclaré début juin enquêter sur l’accord entre les deux entreprises. La CMA doit annoncer sa décision de renvoyer ou non la fusion pour une enquête de "phase 2" d'ici au 11 septembre prochain. Si elle considère que l'opération est susceptible de nuire à la concurrence au Royaume-Uni, la CMA fera alors passer l'affaire à une enquête plus approfondie qui peut prendre environ six mois.
17/07/2024 09:33 – Qui est Wiz, la cyberpépite israélienne du cloud dans le viseur de Google pour 23 milliards de dollars
#CloudComputing #Microsoft #ComputerScience #CentralizedComputing #Israel

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Cloud computing

***QUI EST WIZ, LA CYBERPéPITE ISRAéLIENNE DU CLOUD DANS LE VISEUR DE GOOGLE POUR 23 MILLIARDS DE DOLLARS***

Google, la firme de Moutain View, négocierait l'acquisition de la firme Wiz d'origine israélienne, spécialisée dans la sécurisation du cloud. Ses fondateurs, qui avaient cédé en 2015 leur première start-up à Microsoft, ont levé en mai dernier 1 milliard de dollars en vue d'une introduction en Bourse.

Nathalie Hamou, à Tel-Aviv

**Mon Actualité personnalisable**

© Avishag Shaar-Yashuv

Les fondateurs de la cyber-licorne israélo-américaine Wiz, de gauche à droite : le vice-président produit Yinon Costica, le PDG Assaf Rappaport, le directeur technique Ami Luttwak et le vice-président R&D Roy Reznik.

Contrairement à Waze, le GPS communautaire «made in Israël» croqué par Google pour 1,1 milliard de dollars en juin 2013, son nom reste méconnu du grand public. Et pourtant, Wiz n’en finit pas de tenir en haleine le monde de la tech. Cette pépite d’origine israélienne s’apprêterait à être rachetée par Google pour 23 milliards de dollars, selon les informations du Wall Street Journal. Né début 2020, ce champion spécialisé dans la sécurisation du cloud, dont le siège social est basé à New York, a connu une ascension spectaculaire.

Après avoir franchi le cap des 100 millions de dollars de revenus annuels, dix-huit mois à peine après sa création, Wiz a affiché en 2023 un chiffre d’affaires de 350 millions de dollars. Des ventes que la société entendait, voilà peu, tripler d’ici à deux ans, en vue d’une introduction en Bourse. En mai dernier, la firme avait aussi bouclé une levée de fonds d’1 milliard de dollars (valorisant l’affaire à 12 milliards de dollars). Avec un appétit déclaré pour la croissance externe, qui s’est illustré en début d’année par le rachat de la société israélienne Gem Security pour 350 millions de dollars.

Mais au-delà de ces chiffres vertigineux, c’est avant tout l’ADN de cette licorne qui fixe l’attention. Juchée au 23ème étage d’une tour du cœur de Tel-Aviv, Wiz a été fondée par Assaf Rappaport (son PDG), Ami Luttwak, Yinon Costica et Roy Reznik, quatre anciennes recrues de l’unité 8200 des services de renseignements de l’armée israélienne, tous âgés de 40 ans et des poussières. Le quatuor avait déjà fait le buzz en créant Adallom, une première start-up ciblant la sécurité sur le cloud, cédée en 2015 pour 320 millions de dollars à Microsoft.

**Sécuriser L’infrastructure Du Cloud**

Après avoir officié au sein du groupe Sécurité Cloud de Microsoft Azure, les quatre entrepreneurs ont remis le couvert avec Wiz afin de sécuriser, cette fois, l’infrastructure du cloud. Lancée au moment où la pandémie du Covid accélérait la migration des données, son offre permet aux entreprises d'identifier et de supprimer les risques critiques. Un positionnement qui a rapidement séduit les investisseurs. Dès juin 2021, Wiz a bouclé une levée de fonds de série B de 120 millions de dollars auprès de Salesforce Ventures et Blackstone, à laquelle participé le patron du groupe LVMH, Bernard Arnault, via sa société de capital-risque, Aglaé Ventures, aux côtés du milliardaire américain Howard Schultz, l’ex patron historique de Starbucks.

Autre titre de gloire de la société, dont 40% des clients se trouvent dans le classement Fortune 100 : la découverte d’une faille de sécurité majeure affectant Bing. Ses chercheurs en sécurité informatique ont dévoilé que celle-ci permettait non seulement de modifier en quelques clics les résultats d’une recherche effectuée sur le moteur de Microsoft, mais aussi de mettre la main sur des données sensibles de ses utilisateurs. Une chose est sûre : avec ses produits qui identifient les problèmes potentiels liés aux paramètres du cloud, aux faiblesses et aux serveurs non sécurisés, la pépite ratisse large. «Aujourd’hui, les ingénieurs utilisent davantage Wiz que les équipes dédiées à la sécurité informatique pour les données sensibles», indiquait il y a un an Alon Schindel, son directeur Data & Threat Research.

De quoi permettre à Google, si la rumeur de l’acquisition se confirmait, et qu’aucun obstacle réglementaire ne venait lui barrer la route, de combler l’écart avec ses concurrents AWS (Amazon) et Microsoft dans la cybersécurité du cloud.

** Avec Cybelia, SystemX S'attaque Aux Besoins De Cybersécurité Des Industriels **

** «Depuis L’Occitanie, Free Veut Développer Un Pôle Cybersécurité D’ampleur Nationale», Annonce Jean-Nicolas Piotrowski, Fondateur D'ITrust **

** Avec Sa Nouvelle Offre Grand Public, Orange Affute Sa Stratégie Dans La Cyberdéfense **
17/07/2024 08:04 – Général Patrick Perrot (Gendarmerie nationale) : "En cybercriminalité, l'IA est le remède et le poison"
#ArtificialIntelligence #NationalGendarmerie #Computing #Technology #France

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Général Patrick Perrot (Gendarmerie nationale)

"En cybercriminalité, l'IA est le remède et le poison"

Aude Leroy

JDN

Mis à jour le 16/07/24 18:34

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Docteur en intelligence artificielle, le général de brigade Patrick Perrot est depuis 2020 le coordonnateur pour l'intelligence artificielle et chargé de mission Stratégie de la donnée, à la Gendarmerie nationale. Il est aussi Conseiller IA auprès du Commandement du ministère de l'Intérieur dans le Cyber Espace.

JDN. Général, quelle est votre feuille de route ?

Le général de brigade Patrick Perrot est Docteur en intelligence artificielle. © Gendarmerie nationalePatrick Perrot. En tant que coordinateur, ma mission est de mettre en place une stratégie de IA pour la Gendarmerie nationale. Depuis quatre ans, ce plan a pour objectif de rendre l'IA opérationnelle pour nos enquêteurs en se déclinant autour de ses piliers : formation, recherche et développement, éthique, réglementation et conformité, partenariat et valorisation, service à l'usager.

Comment préparez-vous les plus de 95 000 gendarmes à l'IA ?

La palette des formations va de l'acculturation à des parcours doctoraux. Je ne crois pas au passage en force, on n'acculture pas une personne contre son gré. Nous avons lancé une revue électronique bimensuelle, baptisée Cultur'IA, éditée par la Direction générale de la Gendarmerie nationale. Elle aborde le thème par la théorie, le droit et les enjeux juridiques mais aussi par les applications civiles ou celles consacrées à la sécurité. Initialement, elle était destinée aux gendarmes mais dans les faits, elle est accessible au grand public. Nous avons également créé un MOOC généraliste, qui a été suivi par 90% des effectifs afin qu'ils aient une connaissance et une conscience des opportunités et des limites de cette matière. A l'autre bout, une chaire IA et Sécurité permet à des militaires et à des civils de travailler sur nos sujets, de faire de la recherche appliquée pour contrer les menaces.

Et en termes de formation proprement dite ?

Nous en construisons une, avec la Sorbonne et Télécoms Paris Tech qui associerait le droit, la gestion de projet et l'IA. Le but n'est pas d'avoir des experts mais des chefs de conduite de projets. Parallèlement, nous avons préparé des formations courtes, de deux à trois jours destinées aux cadres dirigeants ou à des officiers qui ont besoin d'en savoir plus sur l'IA.

Le 13 mars dernier, le Parlement européen a voté la première loi mondiale sur l'intelligence artificielle, l'IA Act. Comment vous y préparez-vous ?

Avec une juriste, nous y avons travaillé pour protéger le champ de la sécurité intérieure et pour qu'elle soit conforme à la directive police-justice, au RGPD et à la charte éthique de la Gendarmerie nationale. Notre objectif est d'éviter l'asymétrie entre les possibles possibilités des criminels et les capacités des forces de sécurité intérieure. L'IA, c'est le remède et le poison. Et il s'agit que nous ne soyons pas démunis face à la sophistication technologique de la criminalité en étant privés d'outils IA.

Vous avez travaillé sur les JO ?

Oui, nous continuons de travailler sur l'IA au profit de la vidéoprotection dans le cadre des grands événements comme les JO. A titre expérimental, le décret du 28 août 2023 permet l'utilisation de l'intelligence artificielle dans huit cas d'usage définis : on va détecter un départ de feu, une personne qui franchit une limite interdite, une personne au sol ou encore un fusil… Il n'est pas question de biométrie, ni de reconnaissance faciale. L'expérimentation a débuté avec le concert du groupe Depeche Mode en mars dernier, à Paris. Elle se termine le 31 mars 2025.

A chaque fois qu'on utilise la vidéoprotection et l'IA, nous évaluons la manière dont cela se passe, en faisant attention à ce qu'il n'y ait pas de dérives sur les libertés individuelles, que le cahier des charges soit bien respecté etc.

La peur en France, c'est l'arrivée d'une sorte de Big Brother ou d'une société à la Minority Report…

Oui mais cela n'arrivera pas car il n'y a pas en France la volonté de surveiller la population comme ce que fait actuellement la Chine. Notre but est de protéger, pas de surveiller. C'est d'ailleurs pour cela que nous développons des partenariats avec des think tanks comme le Hub France IA, l'Institut Europe IA et des laboratoires comme le 3IA côte d'Azur ou encore l'ANITI à Toulouse. La sécurité intérieure ne peut travailler seule, elle doit s'enrichir des expériences des autres. Nous menons aussi des actions de valorisation pour expliquer ce que nous faisons, les pistes sur lesquelles nous réfléchissons. Ce qui explique notre présence par exemple au sein d'entreprises privées pour communiquer comme Thales ou Le groupe La Poste, sur des salons tels qu'Eurosatory ou le Cybershow… Nous sommes redevables aux citoyens. Nous publions nos travaux également.

Qui développe vos applications ?

Nous travaillons sur nos propres applications. J'ai une trentaine de personnes, dispatchées entre le centre d'IA du Pôle Judiciaire de la Gendarmerie nationale (PJGN), situé à Pontoise, le datalab de l'agence du numérique des forces de sécurité intérieure (ANFSI) d'Issy-les-Moulineaux et le COMCYBER MI, au Cyber Campus. Mon souhait serait de regrouper sur un même site toute cette ressource scientifique, juridique en y ajoutant une dimension internationale, le temps de donner l'élan, l'impulsion à cette stratégie. Après l'unification, on pourra de nouveau décentraliser. Je regarde ce qu'a fait le ministère des Armées, avec la création récente de l'Agence ministérielle de l'intelligence artificielle de défense (AMIAD), sous la tutelle du ministre.

Une de vos applications a été doublement primée en juin, OPID, en recevant le Datacraft Awards 2024. A quoi sert-elle ?

OPID a été développé en interne. Cette application permet d'aider les enquêteurs à repérer les images pédopornographiques pendant l'analyse d'un disque dur, d'un ordinateur ou d'un téléphone. Pour protéger l'analyste des images difficiles, OPID transforme les images en vecteurs, une représentation numérique, les classe et donne un chemin à suivre à l'enquêteur. Elle est actuellement en expérimentation au Centre nationale d'analyse des images pédopornographique. L'avantage de développer soi-même est que nous pouvons calibrer nos faux positifs et nos faux négatifs. La décision finale revient de toute façon à l'homme.

Nous avons aussi une application de transcription automatique des données, utile lors d'auditions. Et une autre qui analyse des vidéos de masse : elle permet de détecter rapidement, parmi des heures de prises de vue, une voiture rouge par exemple. Les outils sont là, à la disposition des enquêteurs. Ils ont servi notamment dans l'affaire du réseau chiffré EncroChat, tombé en 2020 (interception de plus de 120 millions de messages et images, plus de 1 000 arrestations dans plusieurs pays, ndlr) ou plus récemment sur un vol de données dans des hôpitaux. Là, notre IA a identifié 70 000 victimes via une lecture automatisée de certificats médicaux.

Vous coordonnez-vous avec vos homologues européens ?

Je co-préside un groupe européen sur la stratégie en IA. Seize nations se sont rassemblées en octobre 2023 pour la première fois. Nous avons travaillé à une stratégie commune au profit de l'ensemble des forces de sécurité européennes : je ne connais pas d'autres domaines où cela se fait à l'échelle européenne. Le prochain sommet se tiendra en Italie, fin octobre sans doute. La France est considérée comme un des pays les plus avancés en la matière. Nous travaillons avec Europol, en étant le meilleur contributeur des outils IA au service des forces européennes. C'est d'ailleurs paradoxal car nos gendarmes enquêteurs doivent passer par Europol pour les utiliser.

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17/07/2024 08:00 – How to Ensure Digital Transformation Does No Harm in Humanitarian Response - ICTworks
#Technology #HumanRights #HumanitarianAid #EmergingTechnologies #DigitalTransformation

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**How To Ensure Digital Transformation Does No Harm In Humanitarian Response**

By Guest Writer on July 17, 2024

The digital transformation of humanitarian response has been hailed as a sign of improvement and modernization that was long overdue in a sector often accused of being conservative and inefficient. However, two converging processes are unfolding:

The transformation of some humanitarian actors into tech services providers,

The transformation of tech companies into de facto humanitarian service providers.

This phenomenon is happening without these entities taking up the responsibilities and duties that regulate their expanded area of intervention, resulting in serious gaps in accountability. The collaboration between humanitarian organizations and companies is also bringing emerging and untested technologies to volatile contexts without any transparency, due process, protection protocols, or recourse mechanisms.

The humanitarian sector increasingly relies on digital tools and remote contact with those they assist, in part because of shrinking access to conflict-affected communities. Ultimately, the failure of states and conflict actors to uphold international law creates gaps these sectors attempt to fill, through whatever tools available.

**Mapping Humanitarian Technology**

However, as Access Now uncovers in Mapping of Humanitarian Technology, humanitarian tech partnerships seem to dodge normative and regulatory data protection frameworks, whether by claiming the extra-legality and extraterritoriality of the technology or the implementation, or taking advantage of the secretive nature of their agreements, and sometimes of their immunities.

Humanitarianism benefits from the constant improvement of the tools offered to improve life and dignity of people experiencing vulnerability. But this cannot and should not come at the cost of treating the most vulnerable as test subjects for often-exploitive new tools, creating long tails of data with uncertain impacts.

Through the lens of human rights we have learned the hard way the harms caused by a digital transformation based mostly on narrow market incentives, with little oversight. Instead, we propose greater investment in rigorous safeguards and responsible digital transformation, allowing humanitarians to better serve people at risk while also spreading sunlight on this opaque network of business relationships, emerging technologies, and data dynamics.

**6 Recommendations For Humanitarians**

Adhere to UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in partnership-building with profit and nonprofit tech actors, including through contractual provisions and in cooperation with redress and grievance mechanisms.

For UN entities, build on existing good practices and integrating emerging guidance on human rights due diligence and digital technology such as the UN Human Rights-led system wide guidance on human rights due diligence and impact assessments in the use of new technologies, and to heed the call of the UN Secretary General to engage “with civil society, external experts and those most vulnerable and affected.”

Set up and manage a common data accountability system connecting all DPOs and ideally an external independent mechanism to allow individual recourse and actionability of their digital rights across all relevant data controllers at once, as has been requested since at least the RedRose hack in 2017.

Reevaluate any use of deployment of technology identified as enabling surveillance or a surveillance-adjacent system, as described in this report.

Set up and manage a public tracking system to efficiently and transparently disclose data incidents and institutional responses.

Immediately track, monitor, and disclose their humanitarian data ecosystem and footprint, inclusive of their official tech stack and due diligence documentation, including all related assessments.

A lightly edited synopsis of Mapping of Humanitarian Technology

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Filed Under: Relief More About: Digital Technology, Digital Transformation, human rights, Humanitarian Relief, Humanitarian Technologist

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17/07/2024 07:56 – Realising our digital transformation dream | Kuensel Online
#DigitalEconomy #Technology #Economy #GrossDomesticProduct

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***REALISING OUR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION DREAM***

July 17th, 2024

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The recently launched National Digital Strategy with the overarching vision to create ‘Intelligent Bhutan’ by 2034 is an ambitious strategy document. The strategy is a step towards achieving the goals of digital transformation.

The strategy aims to increase the digital economy’s contribution to GDP to USD 600 million by 2034, which is six percent of the total GDP, up from the current 3.03 percent. It also aims to generate 5,000 jobs in the digital sector by 2029 and equip 400,000 Bhutanese with digital skills.

The strategy is built on three key pillars – digital society, digital economy, and digital governance, and each of these pillars are further propped up by key thrust areas, followed by a flurry of initiatives. Overall, the strategy reads like an ambitious manifesto. While it is essential to set ambitious targets, the real challenge lies in execution. That’s where we have to be cautious of the pitfalls.

A thriving digital sector is a driver of the economy. Yet, without the necessary technological backbone, the dream of digital transformation will remain just that – a dream. Building a robust digital infrastructure is, therefore, imperative.

Currently, many Bhutanese struggle with poor quality and expensive internet services. For the digital economy to flourish, every citizen must have access to reliable and affordable internet services. This would require substantial investments to expand internet infrastructure coupled with policy decisions and regulatory instruments to ensure competitive pricing and service standards.

Another critical challenge is to ensure public buy-in for digital technologies and services. The strategy plans to equip 400,000 Bhutanese with essential digital skills and literacy by 2034. This is not only important but also necessary. Only with a digitally literate population can we fully leverage the potential of digital technologies.

Improving public service delivery through digital governance is another cornerstone of the National Digital Strategy. The strategy outlines several key initiatives to make government-to-citizen (G2C) services more efficient and accessible through digital technologies.

However, let’s not forget that G2C services were launched during the first democratic government's term. Yet, even now, a decade and half later, we have not been able to fully automate public service delivery.

So, what is the underlying problem?

A major issue is that public service agencies often work in silos. This lack of coordination hinders the seamless delivery of services. The plan to provide end-to-end integrated service under one roof is something that will ease public service delivery. Further, it is also important to have mechanisms in place to hold public agencies accountable for service delivery.

Digital transformation will also require a major shift in mindset among public servants. As key stakeholders, they must be skilled and trained on digital tools and new technologies to improve service delivery. And, of course, we cannot ignore the pivotal role of the private sector in Bhutan’s digital transformation. Public-private partnership will be key in driving innovation in the digital sector.

The National Digital Strategy is a visionary roadmap. However, the path to this digital future is fraught with challenges. And its success will hinge on how well we execute the ambitious strategy.

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17/07/2024 07:48 – Opt for layered identity verification for safer, efficient digital operations - BAI
#ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #CustomerExperience #IdentityVerificationService #Bank #Intelligence #Fraud #Automation

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Home / Banking Strategies / Opt for layered identity verification for safer, efficient digital operations

***OPT FOR LAYERED IDENTITY VERIFICATION FOR SAFER, EFFICIENT DIGITAL OPERATIONS***

A strong verification strategy can help financial services providers build customer trust while still fighting fraud.

/

Fraud Prevention

Joel Sequeira

A version of this article first appeared in BAI's May Executive Report: Unlock what's next for digital. You'll find insightful coverage in the issue on seamless consumer touchpoints, AI-powered loans, evolving a ‘digital-first' strategy and more.

A robust verification strategy can help financial services providers establish and maintain customer trust while confirming consumer identity. Accomplishing both is increasingly difficult yet remains critical to conducting business.

With the right tools in place, master digital transformation

GBG’s State of Digital Identity Report found that 62% of U.S. consumers said they would be more likely to onboard with a business using more advanced identity verification.

As the world becomes increasingly digital, institutions must master the complexities of digital transformation. Staying competitive means effectively curbing rising fraud while keeping pace with consumer expectations. A layered approach to identity verification solutions can help financial institutions foster trust, empowering them to create more efficient digital experiences.

Start with trust, the foundation of a digital environment

As more organizations embark on a digital transformation journey, trust is a key enabler. To function effectively, an emerging digital economy must have a reliable means to ensure that relationships and transactions are fully trusted. By offering the highest degree of trust and assurance, digital identity is poised to become the cornerstone of the digital landscape.

There are duelling priorities when it comes to trust. Consumers want to know their personal data is secure, particularly during onboarding. Some 67% believe businesses are responsible for protecting consumer information, according to IDology data. At the same time, financial institutions want to trust that the person on the other end of a transaction is who they claim to be without adding unnecessary friction to the customer experience.

Reach consumers in ways they want to bank

Another critical aspect of a successful digital transformation is ensuring the customer experience is easy to navigate. Customers today have no shortage of options. In a recent survey, 70% said they were considering signing up for or switching financial service providers.

Ensuring a seamless and efficient digital interaction with consumers of every demographic is also key. While most consumers prefer a digital experience, preferences for how they engage with digital banking vary. For example, younger generations focus on ease of use and speed; they also prefer mobile. IDology data shows that 52% of consumers ages 18 to 24 report using a mobile device to create an account online. The older demographics are more security-focused and prefer using a computer. And 42% of consumers ages 65 to 75 prefer using a computer to create an online account.

Knowing the different preferences between groups and tailoring the digital journey accordingly can help organizations onboard a greater variety of consumers.

Combat trending digital fraud

By our measure, 68% of companies in the financial space reported an increase in fraud attempts compared to the previous year. Consumers hold a grim view of the future, with 56% expecting fraud attempts to increase, so it’s unsurprising that most consumers now rank a secure process as most important to them when opening a new account online. Creating trust in a highly digital environment will require better protection against trending threats.

Given rising fraud and consumer demand for security, financial services providers are under intense pressure to demonstrate trust through secure digital journeys. A layered approach to identity verification can help them fight back against trending threats, instilling a greater sense of trust in digital interactions.

IDENTITY VERIFICATION: 3 KEY STRATEGIES

Leverage artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to verify identities at scale

AI-based tools have seen massive adoption in recent months, with 6% of U.S. companies using AI in 2017 compared to about 55% last year. This tech brings an ability to quickly scrutinize vast volumes of digital data and uncover patterns of suspicious activity.

Consumers set the bar high for secure and seamless digital interactions, with 37% of consumers abandoning a digital onboarding process because it was too time-consuming. AI, as part of a larger verification strategy, can help businesses accelerate identity verification.

Create confidence with human supervision

While it’s a powerful tool, AI often lacks transparency in the decision-making process, leaving businesses exposed when they must explain why a decision was made.

AI under human supervision allows institutions to balance automated decisions without sacrificing explainability. Bringing transparency to AI requires oversight by human fraud experts, who provide transparency, oversight and continuous improvement. This continuous feedback improves ML models through constant input and refinement.

Improve visibility into fraud through cross-industry collaboration

A consortium fraud network amplifies real-time fraud intelligence between companies and industries. With key insights into fraud threats trending in other industries, institutions strengthen their fraud management system while decreasing the risk of fraud and the costs associated with managing it.

Real-time, cross-industry consortium intelligence empowers organizations to stay ahead of shifting fraud tactics and improve decisioning accuracy.

Joel Sequeira is Director of Product at IDology, a GBG company.

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17/07/2024 07:46 – Digital Transformation and the Death of Industrial Age Business - Enterra Solutions
#HumanCommunication #Cyberspace #InformationAge #Communication #DigitalMedia #Technology

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Digital Transformation and the Death of Industrial Age Business

**Digital Transformation And The Death Of Industrial Age Business**

**Stephen DeAngelis**

**July 16, 2024**

In May 1897, rumors swirled among journalists that author Samuel Clemens (aka Mark Twain) was either dead or dying of a serious illness. Looking to confirm the rumors, the New York Journal’s Frank Marshall White contacted Clemens to see if there was any truth to the rumors. In a letter response, Clemens wrote, “The report of my death was an exaggeration.” Over the years, Clemens' humorous response has been tweaked a bit and is often misquoted as “The report of my death has been [grossly or greatly] exaggerated.” Announcing the death of industrial age businesses may also be an exaggeration; however, most experts believe the death knells are sounding. Eugene Xiong, founder and Chairman of the Board of Foxit, asserts the recent pandemic demonstrated why industrial age businesses need to transform into digital enterprises. He explains, “Digital business is more than an opportunity for process improvement and cost efficiency. It can be a matter of survival and operational continuity when a crisis closes down traditional business channels. … It behooves all of us to begin migrating from a brick-and-mortar mentality to a digital business mindset whenever and wherever possible. … Companies would be wise to take a long, hard look at their internal and external workflows and customer engagement and fulfillment processes and create a plan to transform them to ensure both operational continuity and improved performance in future.”[1]

Martin Reeves, Chairman of Boston Consulting Group's Henderson Institute, and Kevin Whitaker, Senior Director of Pricing Strategy and Data Science at Mojo, agree with Xiong. They write, “We live in an age where technology underpins growth and competitiveness. Seven of the world’s ten most valuable companies rely primarily on digital platforms, and digital natives are disrupting a broad range of industries. Most nondigital incumbents recognize the need for digital transformation and have embarked upon major change efforts.”[2] They caution, however, “Adopting technology is a means, not an end in itself. What, then, should be the aim of digital transformation? By being crystal clear about the goals and how to reach them, we can improve our odds of success.” In other words, don't kill off your old business model unless you understand what the new business model looks like and have reasonable assurance it will succeed.

Killing Off Old Business Models Can be Traumatic

Thomas M. Siebel, Chairman and CEO of C3 AI, writes, “Comparing the human grieving process to what organizations go through when trying to digitally transform might sound like a stretch. And yet, while working with 200 or so large organizations over the past decade, I began to notice a pattern: strong parallels between Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s classic book, On Death and Dying, and the journey organizations undergo while attempting to digitally transform. Kübler-Ross describes the grieving process in five stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Those stages, it turns out, are uncomfortably close to what many CEOs and their teams have experienced.”[3] Change is hard. And, digital transformation is radical change. Tricia Wang, a self-described Tech Ethnographer & Sociologist, explains, “A lot of companies treat digital as if they are ‘doing digital’ — this is ‘digitization’ at its worst — as if it’s some checklist of things to do. It’s very transactional, and people are so busy doing digital they don’t even know WHY they are doing it in the first place! Whereas [some companies] embrace ‘being digital’ — this is ‘digital transformation’ at its best — it’s a total paradigm shift in the culture and operations — it’s not just about buying the latest digital tool, but about creating a new system, new cadence, new mindset.”[4]

It's little wonder that people who have succeeded under an old business model would grieve at its passing. But, as Wang notes, digital transformation, at its best, does away with the old model and replaces it with “a new system, new cadence, new mindset.” Reeves and Whitaker call these new systems “biological organizations.” They explain, “Beyond merely executing today’s processes more efficiently, technology can also reshape how we sense and act on information. In particular, we can digitally transform our organization’s powers of perception and cognition, its ability to take collective action, and its ability to do so sustainably, in several ways.” They also note, “This approach may be uncomfortable to many leaders who have been trained to maximize short-run efficiency, not learning or social contribution.”

To get the most out of digital transformation efforts, Reeves and Whitaker suggest leaders should tap into this new biological paradigm by asking several pivotal questions. Those questions include: “Do our efforts expand the perceptive power of the organization? Do our efforts enhance the learning capability of the organization? Do our efforts create autonomous digital learning systems? Are the roles of humans and algorithms segmented to best effect? Is human cognition focused on more unique capabilities like imagination and empathy? Do our efforts help tap into the power of external ecosystems? Do our efforts help capitalize on emergent opportunities, or are they mainly plan-based? Have we reconceived the organization as a dynamic hybrid of technology and people, as opposed to a static human reporting structure? Are we using technology to increase the sustainability of the systems our enterprise relies upon? Does our company serve a clearly articulated social purpose?”

Easing the Trauma

To help ease the trauma associated with digital transformation Enterra Solutions® has developed the Enterra System of Intelligence®. This System ushers in a new era of AI-enabled management science by merging cutting-edge analytical techniques with a business’ data and knowledge to Sense, Think, Act, and Learn® on enterprise data to meet the changing needs of the market. Enterra’s System acts as central “brain” within an organization, ingesting diverse datasets, business logic and practices, and strategy, to uncover unique insights and generate autonomous recommendations across the enterprise at market speed. Insights and recommendations generated by the Enterra System of Intelligence are acted upon through deep integrations with an organization’s established systems of record and engagement, akin to how the brain (decision-making) and central nervous system (actions) interact within the human body. Enterra’s system uniquely learns the environmental reasons that recommendations are successful or not and persists that learning in its Ontologies and Generative AI knowledge bases to improve future insights and recommendations. The business application modules included in the Enterra System of Intelligence are:

• Enterra Consumer Insights Intelligence System™. This System allows clients to quantitatively uncover and logically understand the inter-relationships that lead to heightened consumer understanding, hyper-personalized product recommendations, and new product innovation.

• Enterra Revenue Growth Intelligence System™ (ERGIS™). ERGIS systemically performs holistic revenue growth optimization (including optimizing strategic and tactical pricing, trade promotion, trade architecture, price pack architecture, media mix, customer segmentation, and assortment).

• Enterra Demand and Supply Chain Intelligence System™. This System concurrently performs non-linear demand and supply planning optimization.

• Enterra Business WarGaming™. Business WarGaming enables organizations to leverage their data to make strategic decisions by anticipating the moves of their competitors and taking direct action to beat the competition, mitigate risk, navigate uncertainty, and maximize market opportunity. Part of Enterra Business WarGaming is the Enterra Global Insights and Decision Superiority System™ (EGIDS™) — powered by the Enterra Autonomous Decision Science™ platform — which can help business leaders rapidly explore a multitude of options and scenarios.

The Enterra System of Intelligence helps answer many of the questions posed by Reeves and Whitaker.

Concluding Thoughts

Habeeb Mahaboob, a Global Managing Consultant at Tech Mahindra, asserts, “Companies have been talking about and acting on the concept of business transformation for many years. Unfortunately, most of them still have not achieved the full benefits of this transformation. One of the key reasons for [this lack of] success is definitional. Many enterprises fail to define an end state for their digital transformation.”[5] Much like Reeves' and Whitaker's “biological organization,” Mahaboob believes the end state should be a “conscious enterprise.” He believes a conscious enterprise “by design, should be able to demonstrate a higher order of sense-making and action aligned to its purpose than a traditional enterprise.” Among the capabilities he believes a conscious enterprise should possess is a self-healing supply chain. He explains, “These are systems capable of dynamically calculating supply chain performance and optimizing it. Machine learning is heavily leveraged in supply chains for a variety of use cases to reduce overall supply chain cost, reduce risk and improve delivery time. It also helps reduce forecast risks and improve supply chain planning processes. Machine learning algorithms detect high-impact deviations and then show the potential impact on critical business metrics.” The Enterra System of Intelligence takes a major step towards this goal. By implementing the right AI-powered solutions, industrial age business leaders can quickly pass through the first four stages of Kübler-Ross' five-stage grievance process (i.e., denial, anger, bargaining, and depression) and move confidently to final stage (i.e., acceptance).

Footnotes

[1] Eugene Xiong, “Digital Is An Imperative For The Future Of Business,” Forbes 19 May 2020.

[2] Martin Reeves and Kevin Whitaker, “The Why of Digital Transformation,” Boston Consulting Group, 2 November 2020.

[3] Thomas M. Siebel, “Death, dying, and digital transformation,” Fortune, 7 November 2022.

[4] Trevor Miles, “Let’s be clear: Digitization is not the same as Digital Transformation,” Kinaxis Blog, 8 December 2017.

[5] Habeeb Mahaboob, “Conscious Enterprise: Rethinking Business For The Digital Age,” Forbes 12 September 2022.

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17/07/2024 07:45 – What are health systems' top digital priorities? - Becker's Hospital Review
#ArtificialIntelligence #DigitalHealth #Medicine #SocialPrograms #Computing

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***WHAT ARE HEALTH SYSTEMS' TOP DIGITAL PRIORITIES?***

Giles Bruce - Tuesday, July 16th, 2024

Health systems are prioritizing their digital spending on artificial intelligence scribes and other AI technology.

Health system leaders told Becker's their priorities largely line up with those in a recent McKinsey & Co. survey that found virtual health, digital front doors and generative AI to be among the top digital transformation spending categories.

"AI scribes are not only the highest priority for us, but I will go out on a limb and say they are probably in the top three highest priorities for the majority of health systems," said Ashish Atreja, MD, chief information and digital health officer of Sacramento, Calif.-based UC Davis Health. "I would be hard-pressed to find any single CIO, or CEO or chief medical officer for that matter, who does not have this as the thing they're most excited about."

He said this ambient AI clinical documentation is helping to solve healthcare's "productivity paradox," where previous technologies — such as the EHR — initially made things less efficient.

"We are at a watershed moment truly, where we can finally address the productivity paradox through AI scribing and other related technologies with generative AI," he said.

Dr. Atreja said AI scribes have gotten "great reviews" from his physicians, who have said the technology is bringing joy back to the practice of medicine by allowing them to look patients in the eye again and have real conversations rather than staring at a computer. The technology is also unified with the EHR and is at a "plug and play" price point.

Other than generative AI, his top digital investments include digital front door, revenue cycle management, and care at home.

"Our emphasis on digital transformation lies in improving patient access, process efficiency, and patient and staff experience," said Omkar Kulkarni, chief transformation and digital officer of Children's Hospital Los Angeles.

He pointed to the hospital's AI scribe, the Nabla Copilot, that helps reduce clinician burnout, mental fatigue and inefficiency by automating note-taking during patient visits.

Somerville, Mass.-based Mass General Brigham's recent digital successes include AI to relieve documentation burdens and the new Patient Transfer and Access Center.

After discovering that clinicians spent nearly a half hour in the EHR for every hour with a patient, the health system adopted generative AI to both draft patient portal messages and ambiently document medical visits.

"The use of AI documentation platforms can lead to improved clinician well-being and decreased job separation," said Jane Moran, chief information and digital officer of Mass General Brigham. "Additionally, the use of AI-based technology in this sector can reduce costs spent on in-person and virtual scribes as well as dictation software. Our patient experience has also improved as clinicians focus more on patient interaction and less on real-time documentation during visits."

Meanwhile, Mass General Brigham's new Patient Transfer and Access Center, which opened in late 2023, facilitates hospital transfers and manages capacity for the health system.

As Ms. Moran explained: "Transportation coordinators use digitally enabled, real-time, systemwide capacity data to identify overburdened units or departments within our system and direct resources to expedite patient transports and open beds for patient care."

According to the McKinsey & Co. survey, 88% of global health system leaders said AI held the greatest potential of any technology but fewer than half had invested in it.

"We have not shied away from investing in the future of AI," said Jason Szczuka, chief digital officer of Cincinnati-based Bon Secours Mercy Health. "Our leaders want us to bring AI applications into our organization."

Through its digital health and investment arm, Accrete, the health system is partnering with health tech company Bardo to develop a generative AI digital assistant and adopted a platform from healthcare AI startup Viz.AI to identify and triage stroke patients.

"We are also preparing for evaluating the wave of new AI technology entering the market through setting up a unified AI governance strategy in partnership with our key clinical and operational leaders, and are developing our own acceptable use guidelines for AI," Mr. Szczuka said.

Newport Beach, Calif.-based Hoag recently launched an app called Nona that helps new moms after discharge with lactation support, baby care questions, resources, classes and (coming soon) pediatric support.

The health system also created a way to schedule appointments outside the patient portal, which patients were having trouble with. The new web-based appointment platform helped drive a scheduling shift from phone to digital for primary care and imaging.

"We believe that healthcare must adapt some foundational digital experiences to try to achieve true 'transformation,'" said Kathy Azeez-Narain, chief digital and customer innovation officer of Hoag. "Someone who is new to the system and needs an appointment needs a seamless journey. Many times, it is the first connection they have with us, and it's an important one."

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17/07/2024 07:42 – AI Lays Foundation for Construction's Financial Transformation - PYMNTS.com
#ArtificialIntelligence #Analytics #Automation #Management #Computing #Technology #Data

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AI Lays Foundation for Construction’s Financial Transformation

***AI LAYS FOUNDATION FOR CONSTRUCTION’S FINANCIAL TRANSFORMATION***

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In the world of construction, where hammers meet spreadsheets, a new tool is emerging from the digital realm: artificial intelligence (AI). As builders grapple with razor-thin margins and complex cash flows, AI offers to reshape the industry’s financial landscape, one algorithm at a time.

This week, Adaptive, a FinTech startup aiming to modernize construction finance, secured $19 million in Series A funding. The company’s AI-powered platform tackles the unique challenges of managing money in an industry notorious for its boom-and-bust cycles and labyrinthine payment structures. It’s part of a growing shift toward using AI in the construction industry.

“AI can analyze vast amounts of data from past projects to help predict potential roadblocks, optimize resource allocation, and identify design differences or compliance issues in plans,” Vlad Hernandez, director of innovation at McCarthy Holdings, told PYMNTS. “Potential benefits may include fewer delays, reduced costs and a better overall building experience for construction companies, trade partners and owners.”

**AI-Powered Design**

Adaptive’s system includes financial management tools such as budgeting, cash flow analytics, expense tracking, accounts payable and receivable, vendor management and electronic payments.

“The payment delays and cash flow problems we see in construction largely arise from outdated, manual back-office processes,” Matt Calvano, co-founder and CEO of Adaptive, said in a news release. “Our platform leverages AI and automation to cut through this back office fog, delivering real-time clarity into financials and significantly accelerating payments.”

Observers say AI is poised to enhance profitability and competitiveness by streamlining processes, reducing errors and optimizing resource allocation. Small- and medium-sized contractors with AI tools may be better equipped to compete for larger projects, potentially disrupting established market dynamics. Furthermore, integrating AI in construction finance could lead to more transparent and efficient payment systems, addressing long-standing issues of delayed payments and cash flow management that have plagued the industry for decades.

This data-driven approach is transforming project planning and design.

“Contractors can also create faster fundamental models and designs without too much effort to coordinate with other stakeholders,” Eshan Jayamanne, CEO of Krane, an AI technology company for the construction industry, told PYMNTS. This leads to “increased efficiency, cost savings, improved accuracy and better data for better collaboration.”

The potential of AI in generative design is significant.

“AI can automate and speed up the drafting process by using AI generative design processes, which leverage artificial intelligence to automatically generate a wide range of design solutions based on predefined constraints and objectives,”Denys Schwartz, a civil engineer, told PYMNTS.

In addition, Dustin Stephens, vice president of construction and real estate at Sage, said: “AI algorithms can analyze BIM data to automate design processes, generate optimized construction plans and identify potential design conflicts early.”

**Smart Scheduling**

Regarding scheduling and resource allocation, AI is proving to be a game changer. According to Hernandez, it acts as an “enhanced” project manager, “supporting smarter scheduling, improved budget management, and resource efficiency.”

“AI can analyze historical and current data to help with project flow, predict durations and identify possible bottlenecks,” he elaborated. “This may help create more realistic timelines that include real-world factors and potentially reduce delays to keep the project on track.”

The clarity AI provides allows teams to “optimize resources to fit the goals of the project and stakeholders,” as Jayamanne pointed out. “With AI, there is a single true source of truth; bringing data from multiple stakeholders and automating how it relates to the schedule are key.”

AI-driven software has enhanced proactive construction planning and control. These systems “allow project teams to monitor progress continuously, identify potential delays early in the process and adjust schedules and resources proactively,” Schwartz said.

AI can analyze information such as labor, equipment and materials for resource efficiency to ensure availability and identify potential issues. This helps avoid idle time, optimize resource utilization and lower project costs.

The impact of technology is particularly notable in the pre-construction phase.

“Predictive analytics are helping transform the pre-construction phase through the analysis of data and modeling of potential outcomes,” Hernandez explained. “That way, we address issues or challenges before they become actual problems.”

As construction firms grapple with the complexities of modern projects, AI’s ability to provide data-driven insights is proving helpful.

“Superintendents can focus on solving the project’s day-to-day issues and let AI systems show clear patterns in data for better decision-making,” Jayamanne noted.

Experts say the potential for AI to enhance decision-making is immense.

“We can leverage AI to make informed decisions more quickly instead of relying on instinct or ‘emotion,’” Hernandez said. “AI can analyze various project scenarios to help predict and identify impacts on budgets, schedules, resources, and risk. We can then review that information and our practical experience to help identify the most optimized action with the data to back it up.”

For all PYMNTS B2B coverage, subscribe to the daily B2B Newsletter.

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17/07/2024 07:37 – Income vs. Savings: A Giant Misconception
#PresentValue #Dividend #Finance #Risk #Economy #Interest #Income #RateOfReturn #LossAversion

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It's breakfast time, you're hungry, and I'm offering you two options:

A healthy, adult hen

Two dozen eggs

Your first thought is probably: “Seriously? It's just breakfast. I don't want a live chicken running around my house.”

Forget that thought for now.

If you're like me, your mind next asks, “If I do choose the chicken, how many eggs can I expect over time? What's the risk the chicken doesn't get to two dozen eggs? Am I willing to wait for two dozen – or hopefully more – eggs to arrive?”

When we know those answers, we can make a smart decision. It's a time value of chicken question. It's why Warren Buffett recites Aesop's fables.

A similar mathematical question lies at the heart of financial planning: how do we compare lump sum savings against a stream of income?

The question might sound simple. But people get it wrong all the time, and their financial lives are at stake.

**Savings Vs. Income: Would You Rather?**

Would you rather have $140,000 today or $10,000 yearly for life? David Blanchett and Michael Finke posed that question in a study published by an annuity industry group.

Yes – we should exercise caution. It's natural for an annuity industry group to publish pro-annuity media, and this study is certainly pro-annuity, as we'll see. In general, I'm not a fan of annuities. Nevertheless, I think the study's results are directionally accurate.

This is a hen vs. eggs question! $10,000 per year is like our hen: a steady income stream. The $140,000 is like our eggs: a big lump sum all at once., The study points out that person could use their $140,000 to buy an income annuity and guarantee themselves $10,000 per year for life. In other words, the two options are functionally identical.

However, study respondents don't see the options as identical. Instead, most respondents prefer the $10,000 per year for life. It's viewed as safer and more accessible to spend. The logic is:

If someone knows another $10,000 is coming next year, they're willing to spend the $10,000 they receive this year.

But the lump sum doesn't inspire that same confidence because it all depends on if or how you invest it. What if I spend down the $140,000 to nothing?! I'd much rather have the $10,000 per year at that point.

This is Loss Aversion 101. If you can guarantee a person won't lose – just as the stream of income guarantees – that person is biologically biased to see that option as more appealing. Even if it isn't!

**The Big Problem**

The problem with this “income vs. savings” logic becomes evident if we tweak our numbers.

What if I offer you a $200,000 lump sum vs. $10,000 yearly?

The pure math tells us it's a no-brainer. Choose the lump sum! You could use that lump sum to produce an income stream greater than $10,000 annually.

But some would ask, “Can you guarantee that income? Or are you making a bet that you likely can produce more than $10K per year? What if you're wrong?” And because of that risk of being wrong, they would still choose the $10K per year.

How does someone overcome this bias?

According to the study mentioned above, a simple income annuity would help by converting the $200,000 lump sum into a $14,000 per year guaranteed income stream, crushing the $10,000 per year option.

Note: the study's ratio of $140,000 lump sum to $10,000 annual income stream suggests internal rates of return of: 0% over 14 years, 3.7% over 20 years, 5.8% over 30 years, and 6.6% over 40 years. This aligns well with Schwab's guaranteed annuity payouts, as of this writing.

But as I've explained here before on The Best Interest: do you want to run the risk of a 0% return for 14 years simply to achieve the “nirvana” of 6.6% annually for 40 years?

That doesn't work for me.

**Quick Aside: Dividend Stocks!**

The same faulty logic of “income >> lump sum” exists in the world of dividend stocks.

One of the greatest myths about dividend stocks is that they're inherently superior to other stocks because they produce a dividend income stream. (Here's a complete breakdown of all the faulty dividend stock logic.)

The income allure of dividend stocks convinces many retirees to stock their portfolios full of them. “You can get a 6% per year dividend AND still own your stock at the end of the day!”

A more diversified stock portfolio might “only” pay a 2% dividend while its price increases 8% a year (over the long run). If a retiree wanted to live off this second portfolio, they would have to sell some of their shares. That selling begs a scary question: What if we sell and sell again and again until we run out of stocks?!

The same question scares people looking at the $140,000 lump sum: what if we spend and spend again and again until we run out of money?! They opt for a steady income stream. They opt for dividend stocks.

Their normal, understandable monkey brains overvalue the income stream and undervalue the lump sum. Don't be that monkey!

**What To Do Instead?**

One of my goals here at The Best Interest is to instill confidence. Specifically, the confidence that a diversified portfolio can achieve particular performance goals over sufficiently long periods.

Not without risk, mind you. That's important. To achieve investment reward, we must assume investment risk. But I want to instill confidence that you can assume some risk (however much is appropriate for you) and good things will happen over long periods of time.

Such a portfolio can translate a lump sum into an income stream or an income stream into a lump sum. We need to fight the urge to overvalue one over the other.

Specifically, we need to have enough confidence in math to overcome our monkey loss aversion that overvalues income and undervalues a lump sum of money.

I'm not sure that confidence can be spoken into existence – at least not in the short-term. But with enough smart evidence and time, confidence builds.

Maybe even enough confidence to choose that chicken over the eggs.

Thank you for reading! If you enjoyed this article, join 8000+ subscribers who read my 2-minute weekly email, where I send you links to the smartest financial content I find online every week.

-Jesse

Want to learn more about The Best Interest's back story? Read here.

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17/07/2024 07:32 – Voici à quoi pourrait ressembler le futur visage de la France industrielle
#France #Economy #Manufacturing #Technology

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Infographie

***VOICI à QUOI POURRAIT RESSEMBLER LE FUTUR VISAGE DE LA FRANCE INDUSTRIELLE***

Bpifrance Le Lab a cartographié les régions les mieux placées pour bénéficier d'un mouvement de réindustrialisation en France dans les prochaines années.

Solène Davesne

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**Mon Actualité personnalisable**

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Le Nord, comme ici la zone de Dunkerque, est l'un des grands gagnants de la réindustrialisation.

Où s’installeront les nouvelles usines en France? «L’industrie ne pourra plus choisir son territoire comme avant», pointe Bpifrance Le Lab dans sa dernière étude. En moulinant 31 critères, les chercheurs de la banque publique ont identifié les régions présentant le plus de potentiel de développement industriel.

Disponibilité foncière, présence d’un écosystème et d’une culture industrielle locale, disponibilité de la main-d’œuvre, mais aussi risque de stress hydrique et de catastrophes naturelles, les territoires jugés les plus aptes à accueillir des usines se trouvent plutôt dans le nord et le nord-est de la France, où subsistent des friches importantes, alors que l’industrie a eu plutôt tendance ces dernières décennies à investir l’ouest et le sud-ouest.

«Ce n’est pas parce qu’un territoire a peu de foncier qu’il n’attirera pas de projet», nuance Élise Tissier, la directrice du Lab. La disponibilité du terrain, les compétences et les infrastructures ressortent parmi les critères les plus regardés par les industriels pour leur prochaine implantation. Même si l’acceptabilité sociale et les considérations environnementales arrivent en fin de liste, il faudrait y accorder davantage d’importance, estime Bpifrance Le Lab, qui craint que «la nouvelle carte de la France industrielle soit incohérente avec celle de la ressource en eau dans dix à vingt ans».

Vous lisez un article de L'Usine Nouvelle 3731 - Juin 2024

Lire le sommaire

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Plus de fermetures d'usines que d'ouvertures : la réindustrialisation à la peine en France début 2024

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17/07/2024 07:28 – Chez Airbus, l'intelligence artificielle ne remplacera pas les humains pour créer des avions
#ArtificialIntelligence #GenerativeArtificialIntelligence #Technology #Computing #CognitiveScience

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***CHEZ AIRBUS, L'INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE NE REMPLACERA PAS LES HUMAINS POUR CRéER DES AVIONS***

L'Usine Nouvelle explore l'utilisation de l'IA générative dans l'industrie en 15 cas d'usage. Chez Airbus cette technologie pourrait faire gagner du temps aux équipes pour traiter la documentation technique ou financière. Un outil est actuellement en test chez l'avionneur européen.

Olivier James

**Mon Actualité personnalisable**

1 min.

Olivier James

© AIRBUS - Master Films - Pascal Pigeyre

Non, l’IA générative n’est pas près de créer de nouveaux designs d’avion. En tout cas pas chez Airbus. «La technologie est très loin de le permettre et ne le pourra peut-être jamais» assène Fabrice Valentin, le responsable analyse avancée et intelligence artificielle du groupe, mettant en avant le caractère probabiliste de cette technologie.

**Une Aide Précieuse Pour Les Documents Annexes**

En revanche, son aptitude à gérer des documents complexes intéresse au plus haut point l’avionneur européen. «Dans le cadre de l’établissement de nos contrats avec les compagnies aériennes et nos fournisseurs, nous testons un outil qui réalise des propositions de clauses spécifiques, sur la base de clauses définies dans des cas de figure similaires», détaille le spécialiste. Documents techniques et textes financiers pourraient aussi être passés au crible. Cependant, l’humain aura toujours la main sur le document final. Pas d’utilisation directe donc, comme c’est déjà le cas dans certaines compagnies aériennes américaines. À partir des premiers tests, Airbus procédera à un bilan des capacités de l’IA générative dans le courant de l’année, qui lui permettra ensuite de préciser un calendrier de mise en musique de ce cas d’usage.
17/07/2024 07:16 – «L’IA générative change le métier d'ingénieur industriel», estime Sébastien Massart, directeur de la stratégie de Dassault Systèmes
#ArtificialIntelligence #Technology #Engineer #Computing

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Entretien

Simulation

Dassault Systemes

***«L’IA GéNéRATIVE CHANGE LE MéTIER D'INGéNIEUR INDUSTRIEL», ESTIME SéBASTIEN MASSART, DIRECTEUR DE LA STRATéGIE DE DASSAULT SYSTèMES***

Dassault Systèmes a annoncé début juillet un partenariat avec Mistral AI, notamment pour doper sa plateforme 3DExperience avec les grands modèles de langage (LLM) de la start-up. Sébastien Massart, directeur de la stratégie de l'éditeur de logiciels, explique à L'Usine Nouvelle comment l'IA générative fait évoluer le design industriel.

Léna Corot

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**Mon Actualité personnalisable**

4 min.

Léna Corot

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Grâce aux milliers de dessins industriels recensés, Dassault Systèmes espère accélérer le design industriel avec l'IA générative.

L'Usine Nouvelle - Quel est l’objectif du partenariat signé avec Mistral AI annoncé début juillet ?

Sébastien Massart - Il s’agit d’abord d’offrir un accès souverain à l’IA générative. [La filiale de Dassault Systèmes] Outscale va faire une offre groupée avec son cloud souverain, des processeurs graphiques dits GPU et les grands modèles de langage (LLM) commerciaux de la start-up Mistral AI. Le but est de garantir un stockage et un traitement sécurisé des données. Cette proposition vise le secteur public, les administrations et les entreprises régulées. En parallèle, un écosystème de partenaires apportera des couches supplémentaires pour que les LLM soient utilisables directement sans trop de compétences. Pour proposer quelque chose d’équivalent à ce que font les Gafam, il faut s’associer à d’autres.

Quel est le second objectif ?

Les LLM de Mistral AI vont également venir renforcer nos plateformes comme 3DExperience. L’idée est d’accélérer l’accès aux grands volumes de données et de savoir-faire industriels. Nous allons spécialiser les modèles selon l’usage des clients. Cela permettra par exemple d’aller plus vite sur la mise en place du jumeau virtuel d’une usine, pour piloter l’ensemble des machines et des processus.

Quel est l’intérêt pour vos secteurs clients ?

Dans la santé, l’enjeu n’est pas uniquement la découverte de nouvelles molécules, mais aussi d’identifier en amont celles avec un risque potentiel pour la santé. Avec les LLM, l’accès instantané à la documentation technique provenant des laboratoires permet de tenir compte de tous les résultats de recherche passés. Dans l’aéronautique et l’automobile, l’enjeu est d’accélérer les étapes du design industriel en utilisant les milliers de dessins de pièces déjà en stock. À chaque fois, c'est l'accès facilité aux données, grâce aux LLM, qui permet d'aller plus vite. Le métier d’ingénieur industriel est en train de changer.

C'est-à-dire ?

La simulation et la modélisation embarquent les lois de la physique, mais les calculs sont longs puisque des milliers, voire des millions d’équations doivent être résolues en parallèle. L’IA générative et le deep learning, quant à eux, génèrent des solutions par rapport à leur base d’entraînement sans prendre en compte les lois de la physique. Le couplage de ces deux mondes accélère l’ingénierie de systèmes industriels. Les équipes d’ingénieurs pourront donner un cadre précis à l’ordinateur : les missions de l’objet, le résultat attendu, les environnements dans lesquels il opérera, etc. La machine pourra ensuite proposer différentes pièces rentrant dans ces critères.

Envisagez-vous d’autres partenariats avec des acteurs de l’IA générative ?

Le partenariat avec Mistral AI n’est pas exclusif. Nous commençons avec eux, car ils apportent le niveau de souveraineté nécessaire. L’objectif est de mettre à disposition de notre écosystème interne différents moteurs d’inférence pour avoir des modèles avec des capacités de raisonnement générique. Ainsi qu'une forte connaissance du monde global et d’autres plus spécialisés sur certaines tâches dans l’industrie.

Dassault Systèmes utilise-t-il aussi l’IA générative en interne ?

Des composants sont mis à disposition de nos développeurs qu’ils peuvent mixer comme ils veulent, même si cela n’est pas directement visible. Des outils pour la gestion de bases de données sont utilisés et nous en testons aussi pour l’aide au code. Le LLM peut servir in fine à bâtir de nouveaux services ou optimiser ceux existants. Par exemple, pour réduire le nombre de simulations avant d’obtenir le bon modèle numérique.

Vous venez également d'annoncer une collaboration avec le Groupe Bel. Quel est l'objectif ?

Nous aidons le groupe Bel à réinventer leurs produits pour limiter l’impact sur l’environnement avec, par exemple, plus de produits à base de protéines végétales. Pour les fromages végétaux, l’IA peut aider à imaginer de nouvelles recettes en couplant modélisation et simulation – pour étudier les propriétés physiques et chimiques des produits – avec l’analyse de la perception et du goût, pour lesquels le langage, et donc les LLM, jouent un rôle clé. Avec nos outils, nous aidons aussi le groupe Bel à optimiser leur organisation de production.

Vous évoquez la réduction de l’impact environnemental, mais les LLM sont loin d’être frugaux. Comment concilier l’utilisation de cette techno avec de telles ambitions ?

Nous avons discuté avec Mistral AI de la consommation des LLM à la fois sur l’entraînement et sur l’inférence. Nous avons été convaincus, mais nous ne pouvons pas partager les données. De notre côté, nous cherchons à hybrider les modèles selon les phases de questionnement. L’idée est de commencer la discussion avec un LLM plus général et gourmand, et d’affiner au fur et à mesure vers des LLM plus légers et précis. Cette notion d’hybridation va probablement perdurer dans le temps.

Ce sujet de la consommation énergétique amène à celui du juste prix. Si l’utilisation des LLM demande des capacités de calcul coûteuses, les prix pratiqués aujourd’hui semblent assez bas. Quelle est la politique de Dassault Systèmes ?

À ce stade, le secteur des LLM n’est pas encore mature en termes de business model. Aujourd’hui, beaucoup d’acteurs des «agents conversationnels» vendent en dessous de leur coût d’opération : ce n’est pas durable. Mais ce n’est pas notre état d’esprit quant aux prix que nous pratiquons.

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Cette société ou toutes sociétés du Groupe Infopro Digital pourront l'utiliser afin de vous proposer pour leur compte ou celui de leurs

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16/07/2024 16:29 – Why Chartered Accountants Need Antivirus Protection Now More Than Ever?

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***WHY CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS NEED ANTIVIRUS PROTECTION NOW MORE THAN EVER?***

By Saurabh Vadghule

Hi CA pros! As a Chartered Accountant, you must handle many clients' data like balance sheets, GST details, etc. Where do you store all this sensitive data?

Most likely, your computer, right? But, picture this — You discover your device is hacked or hit by a bad virus! Imagine a scenario where a fraudster holds your data captive or worse, there is a data breach!

What do you do in such a scenario? It’s not about money but rather your most sensitive information.

This is where internet security comes in. Check out and install Quick Heal, India's top antivirus software. Read on to find out how you can stay on top of your internet security game and protect your and your client’s financial well-being.

**The Sneaky Tricks That Could Steal Your Identity!**

Cyber threats are like the sneaky bad guys in superhero movies who change shape all the time. They devise new tricks to remain unpredictable. So, to protect yourself, you must understand the top 5 cybersecurity breaches that affect Chartered Accountants the most:

Phishing: You may receive emails that look genuine but they are often phishing scams. This gives hackers an entrance into all the financial details like GST details or the balance sheets of your customers.

Ransomware: Ransomware is like a wrecking ball for financial institutions. It locks down their systems demanding fat stacks for its unlocking. Imagine you have the data of a major organizational client. You have sensitive financial records, profit and loss statements, banking, and tax-related information of that client. Scammers may lock this information and can ask you for a huge ransom in return for the data.

Insider threats: There is nothing more dangerous than a hidden insider who has unrestricted access to confidential financial records and manipulates them at will.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks: Who can forget about DDoS attacks that mess up online trading platforms and make everyone panic? These cyber-threats have had a big impact since COVID-19 as there has been a 300% surge in cyberattacks on finance professionals. To safeguard yourself, you need strong and trustworthy antivirus software.

**Chartered Accountants' Lifesaver: Antivirus Software!**

Given your role as a Chartered Accountant, you know how important it is to protect your digital assets. To protect your data from online dangers such as viruses, malware, ransomware, and phishing attacks, you need a digital shield.

Your best bet is to install antivirus software. Your antivirus should have all the features mentioned below:

Scan files and incoming emails for any malicious code.

Isolates or deletes threats so that your devices and networks remain uncompromised.

Up-to-date protection systems, automatic updates, and configuring overnight scanning.

Provides real-time protection without causing network bottlenecks when working within a networked system.

All these features are important for an antivirus to be effective. Antivirus software is necessary for maintaining your client's trust and the security of their financial data.

Quick Heal Total Security is a game changer when it comes to the online protection of data and identity. Let's find out why!

**Say Goodbye To Security Troubles**

Quick Heal offers a complete tailored security plan for Chartered Accountants. It ensures robust cybersecurity with features like tally backup, safe banking, and safe browsing. Whether it is protecting sensitive financial records or safeguarding tax-related information, Quick Heal's got your back. Its advanced threat detection and anti-ransomware capabilities provide you with the utmost peace of mind.

Safe banking – Advanced features to protect your online banking activities from fraud or data theft.

Safe browsing – Enjoy a safe browsing experience by blocking advanced attacks from risky sites.

Ransomware protection – Real-time multi-layer ransomware protection with smart data backup and restore features.

Data breach alert – Allows for proactive steps against common information breaches. It updates the user on issues such as compromised email IDs and passwords.

Anti-Tracker – Allows blocking websites from monitoring online activities. Your digital footprint can be controlled by providing a cyber bodyguard to protect your privacy.

Password protection – This feature limits the entry to any changes in the antivirus settings.

Safe Wi-Fi feature – Establishes the authenticity of networks; securing your devices from hacking.

File vault – Blocks unauthorized access using a password-protected vault and secures your valuable data.

Most importantly, Quick Heal has a Tally backup feature, which Chartered Accountants can easily integrate.

**To Sum Up**

As a Chartered Accountant, your role in safeguarding sensitive financial data is paramount. The digital age brings unprecedented risks, and without robust protection, you and your clients are vulnerable to devastating cyber-attacks. Quick Heal Total Security offers an unparalleled defense, tailored specifically to the needs of finance professionals.

By implementing Quick Heal, you can fortify your systems against the ever-evolving threats of phishing, ransomware, insider attacks, and more. With advanced features like safe banking, ransomware protection, and secure browsing, Quick Heal ensures that your professional integrity and client trust remain unscathed.

Don't leave your digital assets exposed. Take the proactive step to secure your data with Quick Heal. Embrace peace of mind and focus on what you do best—managing finances—while we handle your cybersecurity. Install Quick Heal today and transform your cybersecurity strategy into a robust shield against the digital threats of tomorrow.

Saurabh Vadghule

-->

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16/07/2024 16:25 – A Journey to the Highest Cybersecurity Maturity: Part 3

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***A JOURNEY TO THE HIGHEST CYBERSECURITY MATURITY: PART 3***

**Prioritization Cycle**

Vicente Aceituno Canal

·

Published in

The CISO Den

·2 min read·Jul 4, 2024

--

**A Journey To The Highest Cybersecurity Maturity: Part 2**

Discovery Cyclemedium.com

**Prioritization Cycle**

The Prioritization Cycle taking decisions about what is going to receive a higher level of protection, and what is going to get less.

The input is a List of Assets (not prioritized)

The output is a List of Assets (prioritized by type, verification out of date)

We need a Assets Prioritization Procedure so the cycle can be run by anyone in a consistent manner, and add improvements in the cycle when necessary.

Assets will normally be prioritized according to these criteria:

Does the asset contain personal information?Does the asset contain financial information?Is the system exposed to the Internet?

You can use this table to classify your information, and therefore, you assets:

**Written By Vicente Aceituno Canal**

1.1K Followers·Editor for The CISO Den

Evidence-based cybersecurity management leader
15/07/2024 18:42 – Olympics face serious risk of malicious cyber activity

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***OLYMPICS FACE SERIOUS RISK OF MALICIOUS CYBER ACTIVITY***

By Ian Barker

Published 6 hours ago

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The Olympic Games begin next week in Paris and cybersecurity company WithSecure is warning that they face a greater risk of cyberattack than ever due to the current state of geopolitical uncertainty.

As the world's biggest sporting event, the Olympics draws potential attacks from both criminal and nation-state threat actors, with various objectives and capabilities.

"We strongly believe that the Paris Olympics will face a greater threat of malicious cyber activity than previous Olympics," says Tim West, director of threat intelligence and outreach at WithSecure. “Hacktivists aligned with states that are pro-Russia will almost certainly try to disrupt the Olympics in some way. We assess that the level of threat these groups pose to the Olympics is moderate."

Attackers seek opportunities to exploit people's attention around the event, such as the fraudulent sales of fake, cheap tickets or free tour notifications. They often target organizers and sponsors too, hijack events or associated sites to send political messages, and hijack relay network equipment to gain a foothold for cyber attacks.

Host nation France is acutely aware of the prestige that comes with hosting the Olympics. But hackers also know that successful cyberattacks can diminish that prestige. As a result, the direct and indirect impact of successful attacks on individuals, companies, and organizations can be immeasurable. Russian state-sponsored activity is assessed as being a moderate to high threat.

There is a history of attacks targeting the games, most famously the 'Olympics Destroyer' malware launched during the 2016 Rio games

"There are numerous threats to the Olympics, with varying levels of motivation and capabilities, and a successful cyber security operation will be a great challenge for the Olympic authorities," adds West. "This being said, the defenders will also be well-equipped and will be able to take advantage of the lessons learned from past Olympics."

The full report is available on the WithSecure site.

Image credit: Natalia Khimich/Dreamstime.com

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15/07/2024 18:41 – URL protection services used to mask phishing attacks

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***URL PROTECTION SERVICES USED TO MASK PHISHING ATTACKS***

By Ian Barker

Published 3 hours ago

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Cybercriminals are abusing legitimate URL protection services to hide malicious URLs in phishing emails, according to a new Threat Spotlight from Barracuda Networks.

Researchers have observed phishing attacks taking advantage of three different URL protection services to mask their phishing URLs. The services are provided by trusted, legitimate brands. To date, these attacks have targeted hundreds of companies.

URL protection services work by copying URL links found in emails, rewriting them, and then embedding the original within the rewritten one. When the email recipient clicks on the link, it triggers an email security scan of the original URL. If the scan is clear, the user is redirected to the URL. In the attacks seen, the users were redirected to phishing pages designed to steal sensitive information.

Barracuda researchers believe it's likely that the attackers initially gained entry to the URL protection services after compromising the accounts of legitimate users. Using a compromised account to send themselves a phishing email carrying their malicious link, the attackers would have been able to get the protection URL they needed for their phishing campaigns.

"This inventive tactic helps attackers to evade security detection, and the abuse of trusted, legitimate security brands means that recipients are more likely to feel safe and click on the malicious link," says Saravanan Mohankumar, manager, threat analyst at Barracuda. "The URL protection provider may not be able to validate whether the redirect URL is being used by a customer or by an intruder who has taken over the account. Phishing is a powerful and often successful threat, and cybercriminals will continue to evolve their tools and techniques to maintain this. Security teams need to be prepared."

Barracuda recommends a multilayered, AI-powered approach to defense, which can detect and block any unusual or unexpected activity, however complex. These security measures should be complemented by active and regular security awareness training on the latest threats and how to spot and report them.

You can read more on the Barracuda blog.

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URL protection services used to mask phishing attacksOlympics face serious risk of malicious cyber activityWhy mobile connectivity is essential for the enterprise [Q&A]A technical overview of Cisco IoT part 3: Security essentials & industrial applicationsThe top challenge when implementing AI for business: Lack of high-quality dataWhatsApp is gaining a handy transcription option for voice messagesGoogle makes Linux more secure

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15/07/2024 18:38 – Intelligence artificielle générative et liberté d'expression : Je t'aime, moi non plus

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**Intelligence Artificielle Générative Et Liberté D’expression : Je T’aime, Moi Non Plus**

ParThaima SammanetBenjamin de Vanssay

Dans le chaos informationnel actuel pouvons-nous raisonnablement permettre à l’intelligence artificielle (IA) de dire tout et son contraire et de servir la cause de la désinformation au mépris de la liberté d’expression ? Devons-nous en limiter le développement pour préserver nos démocraties comme l’ont appelé une série de scientifiques ? Faut-il plutôt en restreindre l’usage dans le débat public ?

Le débat sur ces questions est aujourd’hui largement nourri par un emballement médiatique sur les nouvelles prouesses de cette technologie, dont les impacts positifs, essentiellement d’ordre économique, n’auraient d’égal que les dangers pour la société et les droits humains. L’irruption de l’IA générative (qui permet de générer différents types de contenus) a d’ailleurs profondément modifié les discussions en cours sur l’Acte européen éponyme qui vient d’être adopté à Bruxelles. Le législateur européen a ainsi été poussé, voire contraint, de revoir sa copie pour y intégrer ces nouveaux développements technologiques, sans recul sur son fonctionnement ni son impact réel, positif ou négatif.

S’interroger sur l’impact de l’IA générative, et de l’IA au sens large, sur la liberté d’expression nécessite avant tout de comprendre ses mécanismes fondamentaux ainsi que les outils de régulation et de contrôle existants. Le terme « intelligence artificielle » est porteur de beaucoup de fantasme mais en y regardant de près, l’IA générative n’est en effet pas aussi intelligente que ce que certains voudraient le faire croire et les grands modèles de langage, ceux qui visent à reproduire le langage humain, ne sont au fond que des modèles probabilistes très performants.

À partir d’une instruction donnée par l’utilisateur, ces modèles ne font que mettre bout à bout des mots selon le degré de probabilité qu’ils se suivent.

Pouvons-nous dès lors attendre de ces modèles qu’ils produisent (ou plutôt reproduisent) la vérité ? La réponse est assurément négative, dans la mesure où ceux- ci ont pour unique objectif de générer du contenu à partir de contenus existants. Entrainer un modèle avec des contre-vérités ne mènera donc qu’à la production de contre-vérités. Or, les grands modèles de langage sont aujourd’hui entrainés sur les archives de l’internet, avec un contrôle relativement limité de la qualité des informations récoltées.

Considérant la diversité des contenus diffusés sur internet à l’heure actuelle, il ne faut donc pas s’attendre à des prouesses en termes d’exactitude et de qualité des résultats.

Soulignons enfin que les algorithmes employés sont d’une très grande complexité et que leur superposition en couches de « neurones artificiels » rend le processus de production de contenu assez opaque. Il n’est ainsi pas possible de déterminer avec précision quels contenus ont été mobilisés par le système parmi les données d’entrainement pour en produire un nouveau.

Avant de continuer à nourrir une inflation législative qui sert peu son objectif, peut-être faudrait-il comprendre dans un premier temps le fonctionnement de ces modèles afin de déterminer comment les règles existantes, par exemple dans le domaine du droit d’auteur, pourraient être efficacement appliquées.

Les dangers de l'IA pour la liberté d'expression

Malgré ces limites évidentes, les risques que fait courir l’IA générative à la liberté d’expression, dans un contexte particulièrement morose pour les droits humains, doivent être appréciés et traités à la hauteur de l’enjeu.

Paradoxalement, bien comprise et bien utilisée, l’IA est aussi le meilleur outil au service de la liberté d’expression.

L’IA générative met aujourd’hui au défi le corollaire direct de la liberté d’opinion, ou le droit de chacun de former ses propres opinions sans ingérence extérieure. L’une de ses conséquences les plus tangibles est en effet la circulation en masse d’images détournées ou factices sur les réseaux sociaux, parfois au service de campagnes de désinformation et/ou de déstabilisation par différents acteurs dont des puissances étrangères. L’exposition à ce type de contenu conduit à des effets cognitifs pouvant influencer massivement la perception des personnes qui y sont confrontées avec des conséquences très concrètes et non souhaitables sur le résultat d’élections ou sur la santé publique. À l’ère de la « post- vérité », chaque individu détient désormais les moyens de construire, illustrer et diffuser sa propre vérité à différentes fins.

Le danger pour la liberté d’opinion, et par extension la liberté d’expression, provient également des vecteurs de propagations de contenus. Dès 2019, le Conseil de l’Europe s’inquiétait du risque pour les algorithmes de recommandation de contenus et les techniques de microciblage des individus d’entraver la capacité humaine à construire son opinion indépendamment de ce que proposent ou dictent les systèmes automatisés. Le Conseil de l’Europe évoquait même un risque de persuasion algorithmique dans la mesure où l’IA permet « d’influencer les émotions et les pensées et de modifier le déroulement d’une action, parfois de façon subliminale ».

Rappelons enfin que les dangers posés par l’IA générative pour les libertés fondamentales ne se limitent pas à la génération de contenus au sens strict. Les éditeurs de contenus, dont la presse, ou le secteur de la publicité s’inquiètent aussi de la multiplication de sites internet frauduleux créés et alimentés par de l’IA et dont le seul objectif est de capter des revenus au détriment des créateurs sérieux, bien identifiés et régulés.

Réconcilier IA et liberté d'expression

Il importe tout d’abord de relativiser l’impact de l’IA sur la liberté d’expression. Les enjeux évoqués ci-dessus ne sont pas fondamentalement nouveaux, la manipulation de masse n’a pas été inventée par le numérique et le complotisme est inhérent aux sociétés humaines. Des études ont également démontré que le flot de désinformation n’est finalement consommé que par une petite fraction – soit environ 5 % – des consommateurs d’informations en Amérique et en Europe. D’autres analyses ont prouvé que si l’IA contribue à la désinformation, les biais psychologiques sont beaucoup plus déterminants dans la dissémination de ce type de contenus.

Dans de nombreux cas, l’IA est autant la source du problème que sa solution.

De nombreux outils reposant sur de l’IA permettent aujourd’hui de lutter efficacement contre les effets négatifs du numérique. Ainsi, des solutions de marquage et de traçabilité des contenus permettent déjà de garantir l’authenticité d’un contenu ou d’une information. Des solutions de marquage, y compris pour les contenus textuels, identifient ceux générés par une IA. La recherche scientifique progresse également sur le terrain de la modération des contenus et de la lutte contre les biais ou discriminations, afin d’éviter que l’IA ne génère des contenus préjudiciables ou illégaux. Faire de l’IA un allié pour réguler

Intelligence artificielle générative et liberté d'expression : je t'aime, moi non plus

l’IA est fondamental en ce que seules les technologies numériques permettent aujourd’hui de lutter efficacement contre la propagation rapide de contenus à grande échelle.

Atteindre cet objectif pose néanmoins la question cruciale de la maîtrise des technologies, en particulier des techniques d’apprentissage des algorithmes. À ce titre, on ne peut que se réjouir de la naissance de pépites telles que Mistral AI ou Aleph Alpha sur le sol européen. Ces entreprises, dont le développement devrait être encouragé, sont un vivier de talents et de connaissances de ces technologies, et par extension de la capacité européenne et française à les maitriser et les réguler intelligemment dans le respect des libertés fondamentales. Mais il s’agit également d’influer sur la conception même de la technologie, afin de faire en sorte qu’elle soit, par exemple, conçue de manière à favoriser l’échange constructif plutôt que la viralité de contenu factuellement faux ou nauséabond.

Sur le terrain législatif et réglementaire, le législateur européen s’est montré particulièrement réactif.

L’Acte sur les services numériques (ou Digital Services Act), adopté en 2022 et entré en vigueur en février 2024, contient déjà certaines dispositions permettant une plus grande transparence et davantage de contrôle des utilisateurs sur les processus algorithmiques de recommandation de contenus. L’Acte sur l’intelligence artificielle (ou AI Act), adopté en mars 2024 par le Parlement européen, va quant à lui introduire des obligations en matière de suivi, de labellisation du contenu généré par l’IA et de transparence sur les données d’entrainement. Ces textes renforceront également l’arsenal dont disposent les régulateurs pour s’attaquer aux campagnes de désinformation en ligne.

Non seulement la réglementation ne doit pas être un frein à l’innovation mais en matière numérique, il faut toujours prendre garde aux effets collatéraux de règles paraissant légitimes et souhaitables au premier abord.

Ainsi, des règles visant à limiter la collecte et le traitement de données considérées comme sensibles (par exemple des données sur les opinions politiques ou l’appartenance syndicale) au titre de la protection de la vie privée peuvent-elles avoir des effets pervers sur le développement de l’IA. L’utilisation de telles catégories de données est en effet nécessaire aux chercheurs afin de limiter le risque que l’algorithme perpétue ou amplifie certains biais politiques ou sociaux par exemple. Dans un futur proche, il s’agira donc de bien calibrer la régulation et les limites que nous nous imposons à des fins de protection des individus et de la société.

Finalement, la mère de toutes les batailles doit bien évidemment rester l’éducation.

Au plus les technologies deviendront intelligentes, au plus il sera nécessaire que les personnes qui l’utilisent en comprennent les mécanismes pour ne pas se faire piéger par l’illusion et la manipulation. Tout comme l’écriture et la lecture ou encore le permis de conduire, il n’est nul besoin d’être un génie en mathématiques ou ingénieur pour devenir une utilisatrice ou un utilisateur éclairé(e). Le processus d’apprentissage est totalement accessible pour autant que l’utilisateur s’y attèle et prenne le temps nécessaire.

Réduire la liberté d’expression ne peut être l’alpha et l’oméga de l’encadrement de l’IA et du numérique en général, sauf à ce que le remède ne devienne plus dangereux que le mal. La démocratie à l’ère du numérique ne peut prospérer que sur le socle d’une population d’esprits critiques formés à réfléchir et à identifier la source et la fiabilité des informations qu’elle reçoit, de l’intelligence humaine ou des machines. Les libertés d’opinion et d’expression en forment le socle.

Thaima Samman

Avocate aux Barreaux de Paris et Bruxelles

Benjamin de Vanssay

Avocat au Barreau de Bruxelles

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15/07/2024 18:00 – Software as Fuel: If Software Isn’t Secure, Nothing Is - Aggregated by Infusio
#ComputerSecurity #ArtificialIntelligence #CloudComputing #SecurityEngineering #CloudComputingSecurity

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***SOFTWARE AS FUEL: IF SOFTWARE ISN’T SECURE, NOTHING IS***

By Security Innovation

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Software as Fuel: If Software Isn’t Secure, Nothing Is5:58

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Software is the bedrock of the world's digital existence. It also underlies many of the systems and processes that we rely on daily. Software is everywhere—on our desks, in our vehicles, in communication networks, in commerce, in logistics, and in our homes. With software everywhere, malicious actors have an expanded attack surface to target.

In See Yourself in Cyber: Security Careers Beyond Hacking, Ed Adams describes the role of software in cybersecurity. The very tools used to attack, defend, and build are also software-based. Software drives threat prevention, detection, response, and recovery. If software isn't secure, nothing is.

**Security Is Built On Software**

Software drives every security defense—whether a specific piece of software is a protocol, application, or embedded system. Encryption protects data at rest and in motion. Authentication protocols validate if a user or device is who or what it claims to be. Access control code determines who can legitimately gain access to specific resources or systems. These tools act as front lines of defense.

Threat prevention and detection software algorithms are designed to identify suspicious patterns and behaviors of devices, users, and data, alerting teams to anomalies or the presence of a threat. Logs record activity, while a range of software applications power Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) solutions for driving incident response and remediation. Software also drives backup and recovery processes.

Software is also crucial for educating employees on security awareness as well as for training security professionals. Organizations often use security awareness training, interactive e-learning modules, and phishing simulation software to increase threat awareness for employees. Security professionals across roles learn through web-based training, simulation, and cyber gaming software. Software-based training is the easiest way to scale security proficiency across an organization.

**Software Must Be Built On Security**

Security takes on double significance when it comes to software builders and the SDLC. From product design and architecture through coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance—every aspect of software, supply chain, and the process must have security measures built in. These measures and practices must also be specific to each person's role and technology stack.

AI Software

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is software, too. This means it is flexible and scalable, but it's also fallible, prone to errors, and inherently insecure because humans create it. Which means it can be weaponized for cyber attacks as easily as it can be supercharged for good. But all AI isn't created equal.

Machine Learning (ML) software is a subset of AI already used in a wide range of enterprise applications. For cyber defense, it enables real-time threat detection, enhanced malware protection, behavioral analysis, automated incident response, predictive analytics, and adaptive authentication. It also plays a key role in automating security monitoring, development processes, data analysis, and security intelligence gathering and delivery.

Although there's a lot of market hype about generative AI, in its current state, it can actually increase cyber risk. The inherent human bias and ability to self-modify generative AI creates unpredictability and, often, glaring errors. In fact, there have been instances where two AI systems communicating with each other created their own language because it was more efficient to share information and improve ideas that way. This new language was indecipherable to the humans who created the AI systems, and they ultimately had to shut it down.

Cloud Security Software

Finally, software powers cloud operations and security. At the core of cloud operations and their defense mechanisms lies the pivotal role of cloud security software. The suite of advanced cloud-native applications and technologies safeguard data, deploy robust applications, and fortify the infrastructure within cloud computing environments. The security integrity of the cloud hinges on several vital components, such as rigorous cloud application safeguards, meticulous provisioning software, and adherence to secure software development practices. Likewise, virtualization and container security are of utmost importance - without their uncompromised protection, the entirety of the cloud environment remains vulnerable. Making these elements impenetrable is critical to ensure the overarching security posture of cloud computing.

**It Takes People**

In See Yourself in Cyber: Security Careers Beyond Hacking, Adams makes the point that for organizational hiring managers, appropriate levels of software and security skills should be part of every job description in primary and secondary-level cyber roles. Where additional skills are needed, plan to provide training appropriate to the person's role, technology being used, and existing skills. When software powers your organization, make sure your employees are well-versed in essential security principles, regardless of their roles.

**Looking For More?**

Watch our latest webinar, Training Techies on Security: It's Not Rocket Science! to hear what thought leaders have to say about the importance of driving a security-first culture and training techniques that capture—and keep—tech teams engaged. It's not just about awareness; it's about action.

Get in touch today to learn more about customized solutions that drive a security-first culture within your organization. We offer the industry's most extensive security training library for those who build, operate, and defend software.

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15/07/2024 17:56 – Embracing Innovation: The Transformative Power of Low-Code and No-Code Platforms
#InternetOfThings #ComputerScience #Automation #SoftwareDevelopment #Data

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***EMBRACING INNOVATION: THE TRANSFORMATIVE POWER OF LOW-CODE AND NO-CODE PLATFORMS***

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Embracing Innovation: The Transformative Power of Low-Code and No-Code Platforms6:28

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Digital transformation is a priority for businesses globally, driving a quest for innovation, automation, and acceleration. The traditional software development approach, with its lengthy timelines and demand for extensive technical expertise, is being fundamentally reevaluated. The catalyst? The revolutionary rise of low-code and no-code (LCNC) development platforms.

**The Democratization Of Development**

At the core of the LCNC movement is the goal of simplifying the application development process with platforms and tools that require little to no coding knowledge. This paradigm shifts away from traditional development methods and democratizes technology creation, allowing a more inclusive and faster approach to application development.

By empowering 'citizen developers'—individuals without traditional programming backgrounds—to create robust, enterprise-grade applications, LCNC platforms are dismantling barriers that previously restricted software development to the technically proficient. Industry analysts like Gartner predict that by 2025, 70% of new applications developed by enterprises will use low-code or no-code technologies, signaling a significant transformation in the tech landscape.

**The Multifaceted Appeal Of Low-Code And No-Code**

The appeal of LCNC platforms extends beyond their simplicity and accessibility, making them essential tools for web design professionals, agencies, and large enterprises alike. Several key factors drive their adoption:

Speed and Efficiency: LCNC platforms significantly reduce hand-coding, shortening development cycles and enabling quicker project turnaround times.

Accessibility: These platforms lower the entry barrier for software creation, allowing individuals and teams without traditional coding skills to contribute meaningfully to development efforts.

Cost-Effectiveness: Considering the global shortage of skilled developers, LCNC platforms offer a more economical solution for creating and maintaining custom applications.

Innovation and Agility: Organizations can prototype, test, and iterate ideas swiftly, making it easier to innovate and adapt to market changes.

**Navigating The Challenges**

While LCNC platforms can streamline application development, they also introduce certain challenges, particularly in cybersecurity. Risks such as insecure coding practices, third-party components, lack of visibility and control, shadow IT, and misconfiguration must be managed effectively. Organizations can mitigate these risks with proper policies and tools, ensuring applications remain secure and compliant.

Ensuring secure communication and authentication in LCNC environments is crucial. Implementing robust security measures—like multi-factor authentication, encryption, and access controls—can safeguard sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access. Regular testing and monitoring are essential to identify and address vulnerabilities promptly. By proactively managing security, organizations can minimize the risk of data breaches and other incidents in LCNC environments.

To mitigate the risks associated with LCNC platforms, organizations should adopt these best practices:

Provide training on secure coding practices to users developing LCNC applications

Have a process for vetting and maintaining third-party components

Implement security controls that provide visibility into LCNC applications

Monitor for shadow IT

Provide training on LCNC platform configuration

**The LCNC Ecosystem**

The LCNC ecosystem is rich and diverse, spanning areas like business intelligence, customer service/CRM, enterprise app development, and IoT/industrial automation. Notable tools and platforms include:

Business Intelligence: Tools like Tableau, Google Data Studio, and SAP Business Objects help users analyze and visualize business data to enhance decision-making. Google Data Studio and SAP Business Objects help users analyze and visualize business data to enhance decision-making.

Customer Service/CRM: Platforms like Salesforce help manage communications, opportunities, and documentation throughout the buying and selling process. Other tools, such as Z, automate business processes.

Enterprise App Development: Visual development platforms like ServiceNow, Appian, Mendix, and Unqork enable developers of varying skill levels to build and manage enterprise-wide applications.

IoT/Industrial Automation: IoT platforms like Akenza.io connect and manage IoT devices, facilitating the creation of IoT products and services.

Machine Learning: AI and machine learning platforms like Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and DataRobot make ML models accessible to non-data scientists.

Marketing/E-Commerce/Design Tools: Tools like HubSpot, Canva, Figma, and Shopify empower businesses to manage campaigns, design templates, and conduct online commerce efficiently.

Software Development Tools: Tools like Virtuoso offer QA automation and web application code generators for faster, easier website creation.

Web/Mobile App Development: Platforms like WordPress provide user-friendly content management systems and capabilities for building websites and mobile apps.

Workflow Automation: Tools like Zapier, Kissflow, and Pipefy facilitate business process workflows, enabling LCNC users to describe and run end-to-end processes.

**Looking Ahead**

The LCNC sector is poised for significant growth, with platforms becoming more sophisticated and integrating advanced technologies. This evolution makes complex technologies more accessible and opens new avenues for innovation. As we look to the future, the importance of LCNC platforms in driving digital transformation and innovation cannot be overstated. By embracing these tools, organizations can navigate the complexities of the digital age more effectively and unlock new growth and competitiveness opportunities.

Low-code and no-code platforms are reshaping the tech landscape, offering a path to more agile, inclusive, and collaborative software development. With a focus on security and governance, these platforms hold the promise of transforming how businesses innovate and operate in the digital age.

Learn more about our training options for LCNC development. Request a Base Camp demo today.

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15/07/2024 17:46 – Agile Roadblocks: Overcoming Obstacles to Embrace Change - Aggregated by Infusio
#AgileSoftwareDevelopment #SoftwareReleaseLifeCycle #SoftwareIndustry #SoftwareTesting

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Agile Roadblocks: Overcoming Obstacles to Embrace Change

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By Deepak Vohra - June 14, 2024

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Summary: While Agile development embraces flexibility, it does face some hurdles. Users may cling to the familiar, oversimplified software lacks user control, and remote meetings might hinder collaboration. User feedback may be vague, and new software lacks an initial user base. Solutions inculde user voting, prioritizing user needs, and leveraging feedback from related software.Agile development thrives on change, but humans crave stability. This article explores the tensions between these forces, examining user resistance, oversimplification, and remote collaboration's impact on agile practices. We'll also delve into overcoming challenges like user feedback limitations and the "new software block."The Appeal of FixednessFixedness has some undeniable appeal that goes against the constant need for change required for agile development. Who Moved My Cheese?, a bestselling book in the category of workplace culture, explores how it could be difficult to overcome the inertia of a fixed routine, and how to deal with change in work.Responding to change is of paramount importance for agile software development, but the reluctance to change is equally pulling. If adopters of new software don’t feel the need to make a changeover, the agile software development process is halted. Other than the dredge work involved in upgrading to newer software, exploring the new and giving up the familiar may not come easily.OversimplificationSimplicity is the hallmark of agile software development. However agile development does incur the risk of oversimplification. As an example, managed software manages everything for the software user, but does the end user always want to give up all control over the use of the software?A managed software service such as Software as a Service (SaaS) does not allow an end-user access to the underlying host to be able to perform user-initiated tasks such as installing other custom software or applying custom patches. Users of cloud-based managed services often have to spin up a separate VM instance just to install the client software and connect to the managed service. Oversimplification in this instance has simplified the use of the software but at the same time taken away all possibility for an end user to set their preferences.Lack of Agile CollaborationAgile development depends on “daily Scrum” sessions held in person. Scrum, an agile team collaboration framework for software development, recommends stand-up meetings, defined by PMI (Project Management Institute) as "brief, daily collaboration meetings in which the team reviews progress..."In a daily Scrum, a software development team reviews progress towards the sprint goal. But in recent years, such meetings have been replaced by online meetings. Collaboration platforms such as Google Meet, Zoom, and Slack have become commonplace. But do these online collaboration platforms provide the same level of rapport needed for a daily scrum?Lack of Sufficient Feedback from Software UsersAgile development depends on feedback from software users, but users may not be able to provide sufficient feedback that could be translated into tangible software improvements. A software end user may just be able to provide a summary report of a technical issue or a brief description of a much-needed new feature. Actual implementation of new software development requires precise detail that can be converted to code.If a software end user is not able to provide much detail at the outset, it is best to provide software users with a question template to submit as a test case. Some agile project management tools provide a template for feature requests.Not Enough to FixTo make additions or improvements to existing software, a development team needs enough new potential changes. While agile software development does recommend responding to changing user requirements, there has to be a substantial number of new improvements, and bug fixes, to justify changing the software.As an example, a single JDK update could involve hundreds of bug fixes, as listed for the JDK 8 update 60 bug fixes. There is no fixed number of changes that could be used as a baseline to justify a new update or release, and most software products may not require 400+ changes or bug fixes as a JDK does, or at least JDK8u60 did.New Software BlockAgile development depends on software user feedback, but in new software development there is no user base yet, and therefore no user feedback. How do we make new software development agile, a process that depends so much on end users?One option is to take feedback from related software. As an example, if an application server is to be used along with an integrated development environment (IDE) use the feedback for the IDE to develop the application server. Another option is to rely on Beta and Alpha testers.Lack of Know-How About Newer TechnologiesAs new paradigms of agile software development get adopted, software users have to be able to use the new agile technologies. Software users may need to be trained in these new software technologies such as cloud-managed software, containerization, and DevOps, to mention a few.Software Users Should Have Voting PrivilegesAgile software development depends on collaboration with end users, but the collaboration can’t be at a superficial level of merely getting some recommendations.Software end users have to be able to vote in important votes that determine whether some software change is to be made.Taking PHP development as an example, their voting system allows participation from two main groups. The first includes individuals who have actively contributed code to the PHP project itself. Secondly, representatives chosen by the broader PHP community get a say. Finally, both lead developers working on PHP-based projects and those who regularly participate in internal discussions are also eligible to vote.Software Development Is Influenced by End Users—Not the Other Way AroundCollaboration with software users sets the basis for software development. Software developers may tend to influence the end users and initiate recommendations, but the foundation of agile software development is that recommendations mostly come from the end users, and not the other way around. The needs of the software users come before the next wonderful feature software developers can provide.Run-of-the-Mill SoftwareSoftware development does tend to be inclined towards a one-size-fits-all approach, which is sometimes not compatible with the needs of individual end users. To overcome the possibility of run-of-the-mill software, agile software development should have provision for software branches or extensions to be developed concurrently as customized by different end users.Several software vendors have started to offer custom software in addition to off-the-shelf software. Often fluent APIs (application programming interface) and DSLs (domain-specific language) can be used to develop extensions for existing software. As an example, the Spring framework provides the Java DSL for Spring integration.Tags: agileagile transitioncollaborationdevelopmentsoftware engineering

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About the author

Deepak VohraDeepak is a Sun Certified Java Programmer and Web Component Developer, and has worked in the fields of XML, Java programming and Java EE for ten years. Deepak is the co-author of the Apress book Pro XML Development with Java Technology and was the technical reviewer for the O'Reilly book WebLogic: The Definitive Guide. Deepak was also the technical reviewer for the Course Technology PTR book Ruby Programming for the Absolute Beginner. Deepak is also the author of the Packt Publishing books JDBC 4.0 and Oracle JDeveloper for J2EE Development, Processing XML Documents with Oracle JDeveloper 11g, EJB 3.0 Database Persistence with Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g, and Java EE Development in Eclipse IDE. Deepak is a Docker Mentor and has published 5 books on Docker and Kubernetes.

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15/07/2024 17:39 – Using Blazor in Enterprise Applications

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***USING BLAZOR IN ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS***

Ileana Diaz

July 3, 2024

Agile web and app development

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Blazor is a shiny new and competent web framework from Microsoft that helps one create web applications that are interactive and are developed with the AID of C# and .NET rather than JavaScript.

This exciting development has paved the way for a whole new vista in the realm of .NET capability to work as multimedia documents, whereas it offers one solution for client-side and server-side Web development.

Blazor offers two hosting models: Notable sub-programs, which are distinguished based on the approach used, include Blazor Server and Blazor WebAssembly (Blazor WASM). Both models afford specific benefits when it comes to creating enterprise applications that are scalable, fault-tolerant, and relatively easy to maintain.

In this article, the topic of discussion will be presented in depth, from the features and advantages of Blazor, the architecture of this framework, to using it in practice. Further, the ideas of Blazor vs React, and Blazor vs Angular will also be not only introduced but compared to assist developers and organizations in making the proper selection of which framework will be best for them.

**What Is Blazor?**

Blazor is an ASP .NET Core sibling that combines “Browser” and “Razor”. It uses the binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine called WebAssembly to execute .NET code in-browser. Blazor offers two types of hosting models: Blazor Server and Blazor WebAssembly (Blazor WASM).

Blazor Server: The application is executed on the server side, but SignalR is used to establish a persistent connection with the client.

Blazor WebAssembly (WASM): In this mode, applications are directly run in browsers via WebAssembly giving a true client-side experience.

Why Choose Blazor for Enterprise Applications?

Unified Development Platform:

Single Language: Blazor developers have the option of relying on C# language to design an application not only on the server side but also on the client side which makes it simpler to create and reduces the need for multiple languages (such as front-end JavaScript and back-end C# ).

.NET Ecosystem: By making use of existing libraries, tools, and frameworks via the .NET ecosystem, developers can save time during the development process and be more productive.

Component-Based Architecture:

Reusability: The component-based architecture of Blazor encourages reusability and modularity. Components can be shared easily with other parts of the same application or across different projects.

Maintainability: Because UIs are encapsulated by components in addition to logic, Blazor applications can be more easily maintained and extended.

Performance:

Blazor WebAssembly provides a great performance by running .NET code on browsers using WebAssembly which is one of the best options when it comes to high interactivity offline-capable applications. Another alternative is Blazor Server with faster load times and uses minimal server resources because the application logic stays on the server while sending UI updates through SignalR. It is ideal for real-time updates on data, including live data feeds and server-side processing.

Productivity and Tools:

Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Blazor integrates seamlessly with Visual Studio, providing a powerful and familiar development environment with features like IntelliSense, debugging, and project templates.

Razor Syntax: Uses Razor syntax for defining UI components, which combines HTML markup with C# code, making it intuitive for developers already familiar with ASP.NET MVC or Razor Pages.

Architectural Considerations

Hosting Model Choice:

Blazor Server: Ideal for complex server-side operations, actual-time statistics updates, and scenarios where management of the patron surroundings is important. However, it is predicated on non-stop community connectivity and may face scalability challenges due to server aid barriers.

Blazor WebAssembly: Suitable for programs with high connectivity, offline talents, or in which patron-facet common sense needs to be eliminated from the server Initial load instances may be long but offer exceptional overall performance as soon as mounted.

State Management:

Managing state in Blazor can be done using various techniques, consisting of cascading parameters, dependency injection, or third-party state management libraries which includes Fluxor. Effective state management is crucial to preserve performance work and ensure a consistent user experience.

Security:

Blazor Server inherently has a greater secure model because the application logic runs on the server. For Blazor WebAssembly, securing API endpoints and handling authentication tokens are critical to defend against patron-side vulnerabilities.

Both models aid integration with ASP.NET Core Identity for authentication and authorization and provide a sturdy safety framework for enterprise applications.

Scalability:

Blazor Server: Scaling calls for careful planning, as each connected client continues an ongoing connection to the server. Techniques inclusive of the SignalR backplane and Azure SignalR Service can help cope with scalability.

Blazor WebAssembly: By default, it’s excellent on the client side, but the backend API and services must be designed to handle excessive load and concurrent requests.

Filtering data with react-query libraryHosting Models

Blazor Server

In Blazor Server, the application runs on the server. When a user interacts with the application, events are sent to the server, and processed, and the resulting UI updates are sent back to the client. This is facilitated by SignalR, which maintains a persistent connection between the client and server.

Pros:

Quick startup – The server boots up fast since only minimal data needs to be sent to the client.

These are common resources and functionalities servers offer for users to access them.

Simple security model because the code is from the server

Cons:

Need a consistent connection to the server.

Because server-side processing may be needed, scalability is a concern.

Blazor WebAssembly

Blazor WASM runs the application entirely in the browser. The .NET runtime is downloaded along with the application, and the code executes client-side.

Pros:

True client-side execution, enabling offline capabilities.

Reduced server load and potentially better scalability.

Lower latency for user interactions.

Cons:

Larger initial download size compared to Blazor Server.

Limited access to server resources unless APIs are used.

Blazor Lifecycle

The entire Blazor lifecycle covers what happens from startup to shutdown of a Blazor application. This understanding of the Blazor lifecycle is important so that you can monitor content, monitor conditions, and ensure that your app is working properly. The whole thing starts when your browser loads the first HTML and JavaScript that the Blazor runtime also runs. If you are using Blazor WebAssembly, this means downloading the .NET runtime and app DLLs on the client side. Once everything is installed, the framework app launches and starts rendering the root components.

In the configuration phase, we configure services and create a dependency injection container. In a Blazor WebAssembly application, you will typically find the configuration code, including the Main method, in the Program.cs file. The Startup class of Blazor Server controls the configuration. Once the application is up and running, Blazor handles user interaction and component rendering efficiently. Blazor Server applications use SignalR for real-time communication between clients and servers. The application lifecycle consists of various states such as initialization, versioning, and removal, allowing developers to tap into these stages to execute custom logic. Blazor lifecycle logic is important to optimize performance, manage resources, ensure change that is simple and data-efficient, and provide an enhanced user experience.

Blazor Component Lifecycle

The Blazor component lifecycle is a series of events and method calls that happen from when a component is created to when it is disposed of. In Blazor, each component follows a specific lifecycle, giving developers various opportunities to add their custom logic at different stages. The main lifecycle methods include OnInitialized, OnParametersSet, OnAfterRender, and Dispose.

OnInitialized: This method is called once when the component is first initialized. It is used for initializing the component state and performing any startup logic that doesn't depend on the component's parameters.

protected override void OnInitialized()

{

// Initialization logic here

}

OnParametersSet: This method is invoked each time the component's parameters are set. It is useful for handling logic that depends on the parameters passed to the component.

protected override void OnParametersSet()

{

// Parameter handling logic here

}

OnAfterRender: This method is called after the component has finished rendering. It is useful for performing post-rendering logic, such as interacting with JavaScript libraries or updating the UI based on the DOM state.

protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)

{

if (firstRender)

{

// Logic to run after the first render

}

}

Dispose: This method is called when the component is removed from the UI. It is used to clean up resources, unsubscribe from events, and perform other disposal logic.

public void Dispose()

{

// Cleanup logic here

}

By being aware of the implementation of the component lifecycle, such things as state, rendering performance, and interactions with other systems can be well managed by the developers. Appropriate utilization of these lifecycle methods helps guarantee that components behave predictably, resources are controlled effectively, and the application runs at its best.

Setting Up a Blazor Application

Prerequisites

To get started with Blazor, you need the following:

.NET SDK (5.0 or later)

Visual Studio 2019 (16.8 or later) or Visual Studio Code

Creating a Blazor Server Application

Open Visual Studio and create a new project.

Select Blazor App and click Next.

Configure your project name and location, then click Create.

Choose the Blazor Server App template and click Create.

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Creating a Blazor WebAssembly Application

Open Visual Studio and create a new project.

Select Blazor App and click Next.

Configure your project name and location, then click Create.

Choose the Blazor WebAssembly App template and click Create.

Understanding Blazor Components

Blazor applications are created using components as a fundamental part of the building block approach. In Blazor, a component is a useful small and stand-alone UI fragment that can be defined in a .razor file. These components can also have HTML, if conditions, and other embedded components within these. As a result, it is possible to express more complex and sophisticated user interactions using these building blocks.

Here is a simple example of a Blazor component:

@page "/counter"

<h3>Counter</h3>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

<button @onclick="IncrementCount">Click me</button>

@code {

private int currentCount = 0;

private void IncrementCount()

{

currentCount++;

}

}

In this example:

@page directive specifies the URL routing.

HTML markup defines the UI.

@code block contains the C# code for the component logic.

Data Binding

Blazor supports one-way and two-way data binding.

One-way Binding: Bind a component property to a UI element.

<p>@message</p>

@code {

private string message = "Hello, Blazor!";

}

Two-way Binding: Bind a property to an input element.

<input @bind="name" />

<p>You entered: @name</p>

@code {

private string name = "";

}

Event Handling

Blazor makes it easy to handle events, such as button clicks.

<button @onclick="OnClick">Click me</button>

@code {

private void OnClick()

{

// Event handling logic

}

}

You can also pass event arguments:

<input type="text" @oninput="OnInput" />

@code {

private void OnInput(ChangeEventArgs e)

{

string value = e.Value.ToString();

// Handle input change

}

}

Dependency Injection

Blazor supports dependency injection (DI) like ASP.NET Core. You can inject services into components using the @inject directive.

Register a service in Startup.cs:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

{

services.AddSingleton<MyService>();

}

2. Inject the service in a component:

@inject MyService myService

<p>Service Message: @myService.GetMessage()</p>

Routing

Blazor provides a robust routing system to navigate between components.

Define a route using the @page directive in the component:

@page "/about"

<h3>About</h3>

Configure routes in App.razor:

<Router AppAssembly="@typeof(Program).Assembly">

<Found Context="routeData">

<RouteView RouteData="@routeData" DefaultLayout="@typeof(MainLayout)" />

</Found>

<NotFound>

<LayoutView Layout="@typeof(MainLayout)">

<p>Sorry, there's nothing at this address.</p>

</LayoutView>

</NotFound>

</Router>

Forms and Validation

Blazor provides built-in support for forms and validation using EditForm, DataAnnotationsValidator, and ValidationSummary.

Create a model with validation attributes:

public class UserModel

{

[Required]

[StringLength(100, MinimumLength = 3)]

public string Name { get; set; }

}

2. Use the model in a form:

<EditForm Model="@user" OnValidSubmit="HandleValidSubmit">

<DataAnnotationsValidator />

<ValidationSummary />

<InputText id="name" @bind-Value="user.Name" />

<button type="submit">Submit</button>

</EditForm>

@code {

private UserModel user = new UserModel();

private void HandleValidSubmit()

{

// Form submission logic

}

}

Authentication and Authorization

Blazor supports authentication and authorization to protect routes and components.

Configure authentication in Startup.cs:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

{

services.AddAuthentication(options =>

{

options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";

}).AddCookie("Cookies");

}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)

{

app.UseAuthentication();

app.UseAuthorization();

}

2. Protect routes using theAuthorizeViewcomponent:

<AuthorizeView>

<Authorized>

<p>You're logged in!</p>

</Authorized>

<NotAuthorized>

<p>You are not authorized to view this content.</p>

</NotAuthorized>

</AuthorizeView>

3. Protect pages using the[Authorize]attribute:

@page "/secure"

@attribute [Authorize]

<h3>Secure Page</h3>

Debugging and Testing

Blazor supports debugging in both Blazor Server and Blazor WASM applications using Visual Studio. You can set breakpoints, inspect variables, and step through the code.

Debugging Blazor Server:

Set breakpoints in the server-side code.

Run the application and attach the debugger.

Debugging Blazor WASM:

Set breakpoints in the client-side code.

Use browser developer tools to inspect and debug WebAssembly code.

Blazor vs React

Language and Ecosystem

Blazor: It has adopted C# and currently it is dependent on WebAssembly for rendering user interfaces .NET, which is beneficial to developers already used to the use of .NET. It helps you reuse code on one side of a service for the other side to use; a key to creating server and other client apps.

React: React allows you to write in JavaScript or TypeScript. It is an open-source software that has a large community that supports it with many libraries and tools to work with this system.

Performance

Blazor: They can take more time to start because before anything could be done, the NET software needed to be acquired through downloading. Although they get started in slow motion, they can move very fast once they start. Blazor apps that run on-server when launched load faster, but they never stop communicating with the server.

React: React apps are usually faster in booting and updating uniquely as they rely on a Virtual DOM. This is particularly good for highly dynamic interfaces, which can be easily depicted by the react framework.

Development Experience

Blazor: Offers a consistent development process using .NET tools and libraries. Blazor supports full-stack development using C#, making it easy to blend with existing .NET applications.

React: React improves the development process with a wide range of libraries, including Redux for managing state and React Router for handling routes. The React community is big and supportive, offering lots of help and materials.

Where to Study: The Best Colleges For Software Developers

Learning Curve

Blazor: Easier to learn for developers with a .NET background. The transition to Blazor is smooth for those familiar with C# and ASP.NET.

React: May have a steeper learning curve for developers new to JavaScript or front-end development. However, the component-based architecture is intuitive and easy to grasp once familiar with the basics.

Blazor vs Angular

Language and Ecosystem

Blazor: Programming languages used for C# and .NET across the clusters, thus preventing inconsistencies in the way different portions of a program were written as the developers coded from .NET developers. The .NET ecosystem is vast in its offering; numerous libraries and tools can address various application requirements.

Angular: Uses TypeScript that results in strong typing, better code comprehensiveness, and fewer bugs. With regards to utility tools, such as routing, forms, and HTTP clients, Angular also has first-party solutions and thus does not require any additional libraries.

Performance

Blazor: With Blazor WASM there can be overhead to the first page initialization, but subsequent user interactions are snappy. Blazor Server applications rely on server round-trips, which can incorporate latency, but give much better first-in first-load [page].

Angular: The use of Ahead-of-Time (AOT) compilation is encouraged in Angular applications because it enhances app efficiency through compilation during build. Agular’s change detection and optimization techniques ensure high performance for complex applications.

Development Experience

Blazor: Connects into a nice synergy with the .NET. For example, Web-Based, RIA, and Mobile applications are developed using the help of NET tools like Visual Studio. Blazor's integration with .NET APIs and libraries enables the easier creation of complex applications.

Angular: Provides an extensive CLI (Command Line Interface) with numerous commands that provide very basic structural templates, builds, and testing functionality. This major strength of Agular’s tooling is that is made for the large-scale application.

Learning Curve

Blazor: Even more of the same is available for .Net developers as they seem to be developed using similar languages and tools. Some other .NET developers seem to recognize that Blazor is a lot like others. Through the operational application of NET technologies, the learning curve is damped.

Angular: This is more past-oriented as compared to the framework version due to its broader coverage and use of TypeScript. Nonetheless, Angular has a well-structured documentation system, which can help learn all about the framework.

Conclusion

Blazor is a highly transformed and developed framework to deliver the full potential of the .NET to web development. Its component-based structure along with the language C# and .NET throughout the stack also makes it a rather attractive solution.

Blazor vs React vs Angular: Highlights for a Choice

• One cannot fail to conclude that Blazor will be a perfect fit for such corporations and developers who spend lots of their time in the .NET ecosystem; At present, the use of the same language for full-stack development is possible, which would intuitively contribute positively to productivity and maintenance. Blazor also works well for applications that require heavy interop with the existing .NET backend services.

• For developers who are in search of a well-architecture and efficient library for rendering the User Interface, React can be an optimal option to go for. Strong community support and a vast ecosystem make React well-equipped to serve as a reliable foundation for more complex and flexibly structured applications. One of the major strengths of React is that is based on the concept of components as its applications are divided into small, reusable parts that can be easily integrated with a wide variety of different libraries and tools.

• Angular is ideal for developers or a team that wants a framework with a set of standards and practices erected in a sort of “walled garden”. Angular has a strongly typed approach possible with TypeScript and has out-of-the-box solutions and a great CLI which makes it right for building applications for large enterprises. The rigid architecture the tool offers along with the extensive documentation makes Angular perform well among teams that value and convenient use of the best practices across projects.

In conclusion, the principle of decision-making between Blazor, React, and Angular rests on the project requirements, the caliber of the team, and what is already in their possession. All three have advantages that might be good enough to consider for your project, concerning that the field of web development has been rapidly changing during the last couple of years.

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